Domain of Science - 2021-05-01
In this video I explain all the basics of particle physics and the standard model of particle physics. Check out Brilliant here: https://brilliant.org/DOS/ Buy the poster here: https://store.dftba.com/collections/domain-of-science/products/map-of-fundamental-particles Digital version here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/95869671@N08 The standard model of particle physics is our fundamental description of the stuff in the universe. It doesn’t answer why anything exists, but does describe what exists and how it behaves, and that’s what we’ll be discovering in this video. We will cover the fermions, which contain the quarks and the leptons, as well as the bosons or force carriers. As well as which of the fundamental forces each of these fundamental particles interact with, along with the Higgs field. We’ll also look at the conservation rules of particle physics, symmetries in physics and the various quantum numbers that rule which particle interactions are valid and which are not. #particlephysics #standardmodel #DomainOfScience --- Posters ---- DFTBA Store: https://store.dftba.com/collections/domain-of-science RedBubble Store: https://www.redbubble.com/people/DominicWalliman I have also made posters available for educational use which you can find here: https://www.flickr.com/photos/95869671@N08/ -- Some Awesome People --- And many thanks to my $10 supporters on Patreon, you are awesome! Bob Milano Alex Polo Eric Epstein Kevin Delaney Mark Pickenheim noggieB Raj Duphare Reggie Fourmyle Sandy Toye Sebastian Terrence Masson Join the gang and help support me produce free and high quality science content: https://www.patreon.com/domainofscience --- Special Thanks --- Special thanks to Sarah Johnson https://twitter.com/SJDJ and Henry Reich https://www.youtube.com/user/minutephysics for their fact checking help. --- My Science Books ---- I also write science books for kids called Professor Astro Cat. You can see them all here: http://profastrocat.com --- Follow me around the internet --- http://dominicwalliman.com https://twitter.com/DominicWalliman https://www.instagram.com/dominicwalliman --- Credits --- Art, animation, presented by Dominic Walliman References [1] good summary https://physics.info/standard/ [2] CPT symmetry en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP_violation [3] Arvin Ash video https://youtu.be/gkHmXhhAF2Y [4] Conservation rules video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dkFr3BGO8Dg [5] More conservation rules https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbf7y7Uv6d4 [6] Particle conservation laws https://bit.ly/3pIb05M [7] Short explanation of spin https://bit.ly/2R7UIGV [8] Short video explaining spin https://youtu.be/cd2Ua9dKEl8 [9] Pauli exclusion principle https://bit.ly/3mr4bF5 [10] The failure of supersymmetry https://bit.ly/3uumFHn [11] A nice summary of CP-symmetry https://bit.ly/3t5WmqS --- Chapters --- 00:00 Intro 00:28 What is particle physics? 01:33 The Fundamental Particles 02:13 Spin 3:52 Conservation Laws 5:01 Fermions and Bosons 7:40 Quarks 11:12 Color Charge 14:13 Leptons 16:39 Neutrinos 19:08 Symmetries in Physics 21:56 Conservation Laws With Forces 23:07 Summary So Far 23:36 Bosons 25:48 Gravity 26:52 Mysteries 28:24 The Future 29:08 Sponsor Message 30:12 End Ramble
When YouTube search gives you exactly what you were looking for. It’s new. It’s long. It’s well explained. Finally some good YouTube
@Scout lol the reply below yours brought me back to this thread. I have no clue what those two comments are. None of it makes a bit of sense 🤣. I’m still going to leave it for amusement though
@Casey Brooks lmao 😂
@David Quinn you good?
It’s perfect!
YouTube search was how I found this video too. Very fun video!
As a Physics student, I have to say that this is an amazing introduction to the standard model. This video deserves to be played at schools as part of their curriculum! It explains all of the important aspects in a simple way that upcoming students can easily understand. Thank you for your contributions to science communication.
@Visan Cosmin Actually, according to Aristotles and St.Thomas of Aquinas, the matter actually exists as a substance. It seems like you think the Parmenidian logic is incompatible with the modern physics (which, by the way, it's entirely based on Aristotelian logic, which is based in Parmenian logic, and yet Aristotelian logic doesn't deny the matter). Aristotles also already refuted Plato's idea that matter is just a copy of the ideal world (althought Plato's philosophy is still essential). I recommend you to take a look at Metaphysics and the Summa Theologica, they will really help you. Modern physics actually supports the Aristotelian and Parmenidian thought, and particles actually exists as a substance.
Also, althought i have no right to judge you (i'm pretty much arrogant sometimes), i'd recommend you to be more calm with our friends, they are people just like you and me that wants to discover the truth, because it doesn't look good for someone as smart as you to deny people's questions and almost a millenia of physic's research that led to discover of particles.
@And G Matter doesn't exist. "Matter" is just an idea in consciousness.
@Visan Cosmin As i sayed, Aristotles already refuted the Platonic idea of the sensible world being just an copy of the inteligible world. You can check out Aristotle's writings, but if you prefer, i can cite some of his texts here in a later time.
@And G There are no such things as "sensible" and "inteligible" worlds. There is only consciousness.
@Visan Cosmin ik this whole argument took place a year ago, but at the very least, back then, you were an arrogant prick who thought he understood everything, and forgot that other people can hold opinions too. You are not necessarily right not wrong, however nobody can prove either, which means you shouldn't be arguing against dozens of people who you believe are inferior to you because you did a 4g shrooms trip 1 time and realized that your perceptions and by extension consciousness are the only things that you can experience in your existence.
24:00 Interestingly enough, at high enough optical intensities (beyond those attainable by current lasers) it is possible for photons to interact with one another. This study of photon-photon interactions is known as nonlinear optics. For example, two photons can combine to create a photon with twice as much energy. However, due to these high intensities not being common in daily life, this isn't frequently observed outside of laboratories.
2 photons can combine into one when shone through some crystal structure
I remember some youtube video about that
Hey, thanks for including the bit about the neutron lifetime question. I have worked on the UCNtau experiment and its nice to see this parameter mentioned as an important question. For those curious, the lifetime is believed to be around 880 sec, but the statistics are still underperforming, and of course this result deviates from the older bottle/beam experiments by such a degree that there is not yet a consensus.
Hey that's cool you worked on this. It is a very interesting area, especially as it seems to be so difficult to pin down!
Less than halfway through the video and it's already one of the best-explained quantum physics videos I've ever seen.
@abgast Each consciousness with its own world.
@Visan Cosmin are the worlds linked? And if so how?
@abgast Yes, they are linked through shared contexts. It's a lot to be discussed. You can check-out my paper Meaning and Context: A Brief Introduction, to see how it works.
@Visan Cosmindoes math lie aswell?
@Abdur Rehman Assad Math is an inconsistent construct that doesnt take into account that consciousness has a formless part as well. Thats why you get Russel paradox.
I've been rewatching this for a while now😂. It's actually pretty interesting but I'm finding it hard to understand the leptons( especially the lepton numbers) symmetries and the neutrinos. But except all that I understood the rest. You really explained very well and you made it very comprehensive and detailed. Thanks very much😊😊❤️.
I'm usually read-only on youtube, but just had to say thanks for making this. This is the first video of yours that I've seen, I've only gotten 1/3 the way through it, and you've already earned my subscription. This is an outstanding explanation of very complex and fascinating topics.
Can you do a map of all simple groups in abstract algebra? That would be awesome
I wish I had seen this years ago! Trying to visualize particle physics in my head has always been my stumbling block and this video just made it a whole lot easier.
The best explanation I have ever seen about the standard model. Congratulations!
Is just a bunch of lies. There are no particles. There is only consciousness.
Thank you for making these videos! I genuinely feel smarter after watching this. I really feel like I understand the Standard Model much better than before!
I've been waiting for a video like this for ages. To be able to explain a complicated theory like this, so comprehensively, in about half an hour is great. What would be a great follow-up would be how these various phenomena were derived. For example, starting with Rutherford's simple experiment of bombarding gold nuclei with alpha particles - to determine the constituents of nuclei or the Stern-Gerlach experiment to determine 1/2 integer spin. So, for example, what experiment(s) determined the Color Charge of Quarks? Looking forward to how the Map of Particle Physics was determined.
You explain everything so clearly that even an interior designer like me can keep up with the video until the end. Thank you so much for this great work.
Excellent video. I've been trying to piece together an understanding of particle physics from various other sources for months, but each source would only cover ever specific slices of what you covered here, and I was just finding them randomly here and there, so I wasn't ever sure if I'd gotten it all, and so it was hard to get a good lay of the land. But this was exactly what I was looking for. Thanks for making it!
Fascinating to watch your videos as always! May I ask which software/tools you use to make 'Map of' videos?
This was so good! I work in a neutrino physics lab, and this is far and away the best explanation of all of this stuff I've seen minus the jargon
but how do we know right handed neutrinos don't exist and it's not just that we can't detect them because they interact less with matter?
Your videos are always very amazing! Thanks for making them!
P.S. I’d love to see a lucid video on elementary particle spin.
This is a great video that goes beyond the bare basics, giving an actual introduction to the standard model. That being said, I actually learned a lot here.
Thank you so much for this video. For years I've been struggling to understand particle physics to no avail, looking though so many different resources. I'm amazed at how I've learned in a single 1/2h video.
Your illustrations are amazing. This video is going to help a LOT of people conceptualize the fundamentals of particle physics.
You must have put a lot of work into this. Nicely done.
@Lou you are unloved
@atk_ Yes Atk, the usual fact free answer from a quantum religion supporter.
@Lou you are even more unloved
@Domain of Science Unfortunately on the internet illustrations are taken for truth. The better you illustrate the more likely people are to believe your lies.
@Domain of Science Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules:
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are actually a part of the quarks. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" make sense based on this concept. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity.
Thank you so much for another amazing video! I'm a big fan of the map approach you take towards all necessary fundamental science topics and I have filled my room with these informative posters!! really appreciate the effort! thanks!
I just wanna thank you for your efforts with these maps it opened my mind to a lot of things . Can you do a map about industrial engineering? Thank you
I do not study physics, but I am really interested in those things. Thank you for explaining it in a way one can easily understand (even though not quite grasp). You are doing a great job and really contribute to humankind getting better educated and hopefully more curious to actually understand what all of this is about.
However, do you also like how you never finish learning? Like when you learned that everything is made by particles and you thought ou well, now I get it and you didn't even touch the surface? :) Looking foreward to know that that also just scratches the surface and what is underneath
Amazing! Thank you so much for this detailed explanation. I no longer feel completely lost in my particle physics class. Keep 'em coming!
Great video! I love computer science and the process of digitizing things and the potential for quantum computers.
I literally spent the past two days, usually about once a month I dive into this, but I actually stumbled upon 3 great videos including yours today. The first one that I hope helped me understand wave functions and symmetry is one that had visualizations of waves along the X|Y axis in regards to the frequency, amplitude, momentum, and the electromagnetic dips into imaginary space.
I’m a musician, so once I could visualize a standing wave with the the destructive nodes and constructive anti nodes. It’s such a great help when you can take some sine waves and change the frequency over time so that there’s the phase interference you can actually hear disappear when they hit their respective peak and dip upon the Real and Imaginary space.
It made a lot more since to think of these to particles stuck in place by the inversion of the wave creates a collapse. I am more on the developer side of things then any physics or quantum mechanics, but it’s much easier for me to visualize the wave pattern summing to show the path rather then going straight to “spin” with the standard 3 axis angle rotation.
I’m probably oversimplifying, but atleast now I can a cyclic path extending out in either direction and looping back in on itself to intersect and create a sort of harmonic feedback loop that spawned all space and time, and these interactions of the fundamental wave creates the quantum particles.
Maybe those black holes are locked in a quantum state with negative black holes(which I guess would be peak stars? Lol) to create these huge gravitational wave functions.
Just binging on Standard Model videos at the moment, watched more than a dozen. This one really works the best for me, just the right level and beautiful graphics. Many thanks.
Thank you for the video! I have a correction for your description of the neutrino masses: each neutrino doesn’t have its own mass, it has a combination of masses described by the PMNS matrix.
I've been trying to put this complete list together (what are ALL the fundamental particles), and there's always "one more" property. Thank you very much for doing the hard work of completing the map!
glad to see the long form videos are back, this one was epic. The way I like to think about spin 1/2 is to go around a moebius strip, where you kinda have to go around twice before you get back to the start
Also shout out to Chien Shiung Wu for her discovery about weak force parity breaking!
@REMF What do you mean? I mean, I don't know a lot about that hypothetical "wormhole" you are saying but does it really curve? I mean, wormhole is a tunnel through different time or space. It is the combination of a black hole, white hole and a Einstein–Rosen bridge. It doesn't curve, maybe you mean space-time. But if it does, thank you for the information
They just discovered the mechanism of gravity
There is no single magnetic poles existing, same as there is no single charged particles existing.
Why? Force and motion.
Suppose there are single magnetic poles, same poles will repel each other, opposite poles will attract each other. Therefore the smallest magnet is form from two opposite poles. They must become one piece under attraction force. A magnet is neutrally magnetic charged, but it attracts other magnets, we call the force magnetic force.
Neutrally charged matters/atoms are formed from charged atom parts. All single charged parts must attract opposite charged parts under Coulomb's force, similar to single magnetic poles, 10^ 36 times must. Therefore the smallest particle is neutrally charged atom, but it attract other atoms, the source of gravity.
The smallest particle is an atom.
The standard model is BS.
Proton particle and electron particle are impossible to exist. The smallest particle is hydrogen atom.
So easy to prove, just ask your monkey brains, if all the stars are single protons, all the planets are single electrons, what will happen?
According to proven physics laws, all the protons and electrons will become one big chunk of mass and there would be no more stars. Correct?
What is the shape of an atom? Is atom hard or soft? Does atom has solid indestructible surface? If carbon atoms are not harder than diamond, how diamond is made?
Clear as daylight?
https://youtu.be/oMS4SZ93jDc
Top five scientific lies around the earth.
Yea, try it with spin 1/3
Excellently presented. Thank you.
I don't 'understand' this but I've spent a good part of my life following it at my own level!
Amazing content! Best presentation/lecture I've seen in my entire 4 years of academics...
thanks a lot for your explanations! It was always hard to understand anything about particle physics, now it seems that I understand it better
Phenomenal. I LOVE DOS. I think you are a very unique educator on YouTube. The way you lay out the subjects in a discipline is really useful for building "wide-minded" scientists. (Scientists who recognize where they stand in their discipline and how to cross disciplines).
What a wonderful world of particle Physics, and explained extremely well! Thank you sir! I wish I had these when I was really in love with Physics!
Love the info and looking forward to getting some of those posters. I wonder if their will be illustrated books in the future?
Best ever about particles & interactions. Logic, simple, nice, honest. Thanks a lot!
Man. This is amazing! I have no idea what kinds of degree you have, but in my world you are a grand Physics Professor :) thanks for spreading knowledge in such a well made way.
It was amazing !!! Even I am an astrophysician but I learned more about standard model in here than class :))) Very clear explanations , thanks a lot !
Thank you for your show. I watch as many video`s as I can on all the fascinating subjects like Quantum entanglement, the Double Slit experiment, the fundamental forces of basically every thing. And the Standard Model as the basis for all this. I love to review all this every day . But only for an hour or so before I get burned out. I will take up the lecture again in a hour or so. So thank you, Kevin from sunny Mexico. That would be horrible.
Great video. Perhaps you could do one on deriving the QED Lagrangian and Dirac matrices one day :)
I love this video so much, after spending countless hours watching videos on the subject, this really brings it together and connects it all
Amazing video: very well explained, and illustrated. Thanks
There are very important relations between two bessons photons and gravions , which explain how such distant forces are possible
I still remember all this from when I was much younger and probably significantly smarter; but this is still a clear, welcome and enjoyable recapitulation of all that, "stuff."
Half an hour well spent.
Now that you mention it I never really got Isospin either; except that it's another quantum number.
@DOS. I was re reading the Friedman equation the other day (episode idea) and i noticed that for space the math for a perfect fluid was used. But space is not a perfect fluid. It is evidently almost infinitely compressible. A varying viscosity tio space would explain both dark components. Low density regions would have undue influence and dense regions would tend to low viscosity, increased turbulence
A big question is how does (or, more aptly, how will) dark matter fit into the Standard Model. Given the complexity of "normal" matter when we delve down to the fundamentals, there's no reason to expect that DM will be any simpler in its fundamentals.
The one thing we can probably assume about DM is that, because it has mass and therefore interacts gravitationally (i.e. it warps space-time the same as "normal" matter does), it will link somehow to "normal" matter via the Higgs boson/field. Whether it also interacts with the strong, weak, and electromagnetic forces is another matter; perhaps there are DM analogues for them? All very exciting material for future physics!
How we study neutrinos now is probably a useful analogue for how we will study DM in the (hopefully not too distant) future.
This is amazingly helpful! I love your videos.
I have read that chirality is the "reversability" of a particle through time as observed in its angular momentum. Chirality is a whole property that a particle can possess or not based off of the anti particles' behavior, helicity is an observable in itself? Love the channel keep up the trail-blazing
Simply outstanding. Binge watching all the videos on the channel and showing the maps to kids, can save them tons of time learning science and connections.
Requesting maps of philosophy and arts 😀
Dumitru G - 2021-05-01
This is the kind of content that has a real impact on the current revolution in the online education. Clear, eloquent, well animated - a real gem for curious minds. Thank you for doing this.
Science Revolution - 2021-10-08
https://youtu.be/oMS4SZ93jDc
Top five scientific lies around the earth.
Nen Master5 - 2021-10-21
The Learning never ends,
so call it silly, but i do have the hobby of asking people
if i an recommend them science-chanenl or just education-channel in general
to them!
Mind if i do?
X Tibbs - 2021-11-06
@Luis Sierra Priceless.
X Tibbs - 2021-11-06
@Executor Look up at the sun or moon, they are particle accelerators and they spin toroidal fields.
going home - 2021-12-09
"not suitable for a four years old, but for the rest of us"
He speaks illogical as toddler.