> philo > every-force-in-nature-minutephysics

Every Force in Nature (Theory of Everything, Part III)

minutephysics - 2012-05-21

In which we explain economic equilibrium, how to make money from nothing, and every fundamental force in physics.

If you'd like to read a (very) rigorous description of gauge theory in economics, check out this paper by Lee Smolin: http://arxiv.org/pdf/0902.4274v1.pdf

And if you're an economist rather than a physicist, check out "The Index Number Problem: A Differential Geometric Approach" by Pia Malaney: http://bit.ly/JKS5lh

minutephysics is now on Google+ - http://bit.ly/qzEwc6 
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And twitter - @minutephysics

Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute!

Music by Nathaniel Schroeder

Thanks to Nima Doroud for contributions and to Perimeter Institute for support.
http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca Created by Henry Reich

trebacca9 - 2015-10-25

Oh, come now. Everyone knows Mordor and Hyrule don't share a land border. They use maritime trade instead.

crazy4bricks the brick brothers - 2017-03-25

I don't think that they would trade much, considering what I know about Mordor.

INC Commensurable - 2017-11-04

Yeah as far as i know mordor is some kinda communist dictatorship

Stevan Miladinovic - 2017-11-07

Cuz he also wanted to explain black and white holes in the same video...

a human being amnayplaceholders - 2018-11-22

@INC Commensurable Where 99 percent of the population are orcs yet humans rule over

Peter Auto - 2019-04-18

I thought Mordor is on the death mountain

Bartosz Kruszona - 2014-12-27

So, the more money I give to the Canadians, the more they will accelerate?

inferno - 2015-12-03

Give us money...

Orchidstream - 2017-07-14

GIVE US YOUR MONEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEY

Cracked Emerald - 2017-11-12

So that's how trump wants to get away from Mexico...

Crack TheBack - 2018-08-14

Precisely according to the equation acceleration = money*mass^2

Monstrox Games - 2020-02-23

F=dp/dt=dmv/dt=ma ola derivation of F=ma

Dr. Bread - 2015-11-19

did the analogy really help tho? all it did was explain things in an equally complicated way, but using common terminology and ideas, which we have to convert to terminology and ideas we didn't know about in the first place which is why we had an analogy. am i on the right track here?

Shakes McTremens - 2017-07-05

lol Before I watched this video I didn't know about the physics, but now there are two things I don't unnerstand.

Zion J - 2017-07-25

Kyle Bennett agreed

Carl Fletcher Junior - 2017-11-30

Can you see a photon without any technology (not including glasses) no buttt you can see a rock best I can give

pravin rao - 2019-02-22

This whole thing can be said in one sentence.
Everything has a tendency to go to lowest energy state possible they do it bu exchanging particles.
Except gravity things are attracted to things with more mass because time slows down near them.

ZuluExa192 / Z-Tex 400 - 2019-05-11

272 likes

PhazonSpaceSystems - 2014-10-24

That sheep analogy just confused me more. I honestly think it may be easier to understand if he told me straight up what he is trying to convey through the sheep analogy.

Tyler Calder - 2015-02-01

It probably confused you because he messed up his analogy pretty bad. First off Money is not a standard of value (as portrayed by him when he talks about it as a value-ometer), and secondly the Increased money for nothing actually came from the fact that he bought the sheep for less in than he sold it (the Canadians valued the sheep for less dollars than the Americans), the exchange rate just confuses the situation. 

I don't fault him for it because exchange rates can be complicated things that are hard for most students who are starting econ, let alone someone who has studied a different field entirely, i just wish he hadn't made the claim that it was a one to one explanation at the beginning. 

Franga Vita - 2018-12-04

PhazonSpaceSystems Fluid theory (Reproduction/Alimentation/Rationality) decanted selfmultidimentionalover...
The simultaneity polydynamics of the movement (Reproduction/Alimentation/Rationality generates pseudo-autonomy as material property, of the autogenous phenomenon; existing.(...)
Simultaneous as my unidimensional variability...
unidimensional variability = live-beings

Pink Guy - 2019-07-15

The minutephysics guy simplify things a lot, without mentioning it. I think if he pointed out what is simplified, and why it is simplified, it could make his videos less confusing

HiroClaw - 2019-12-13

@Franga Vita Listing ridiculously unnecessary words into a paragraph that has no structure does not make you smarter.

Franga Vita - 2020-01-02

HiroClaw makes you smarter?

Allen Nguyen - 2016-02-13

life is like a box of chocolates
if you eat too much chocolate you get diabetes

Jan Sten Adámek - 2016-08-03

Life is like a box of chocolates. It doesn't last long for fat people.

Turtle God - 2016-08-14

If you eat to much life you get diabetes?
If you eat humans you get diabetes?
Cannibalism = Diabetus?
MEDICAL BREAKTHROUGH YO

William - 2019-08-25

Baran
roses are red
My names not dave
This poem makes no sense
Microwave

M.A. R - 2019-10-27

Hikus are easy
But sometimes they don’t make sense
Superposition

Hugo Brice - 2016-04-02

I had a pun. But I guess it doesn't matter.

Christopher Lie - 2016-05-07

I have a pun about deserts,
but it is too dry


(like my humor)

TEGEKEN - 2016-12-02

+Christopher Lie i have a pun about my slaves
but it's too dark

(Like my humor)

M.A. R - 2019-10-27

I have a pun about human nature. But it might make a bunch of strangers on the internet yell at me, so I’ll keep it to myself.

Durgen - 2013-11-12

You win 1 billion internet points for the Zelda reference.

certioremfacere - 2014-12-24

i like your videos, but i literally learned nothing from this video except that i can buy shit in canada and sell it in the US for more, maybe, but probably not.

PT Yamin - 2015-05-15

@trojan88tm These videos kinda help you understand physics better if you've studied it before. The analogy only helps if you know the context.

sam witwicky - 2014-11-24

im more confused now 

sam witwicky - 2014-11-25

@345everything ya, now simply we can say that physics is not a subject you'll learn in a minute. 

345everything - 2014-11-25

definitely

Grand Moff Tarkin - 2015-01-08

@345everything Maxwell´s equations would be far easier to understand for the general public. Definitely.

bibbly bobbly - 2015-04-21

@345everything It's not supposed to simplify physics for mass public consumption. He's pointing out the close similarities between the concepts of "arbitrage" and "gauge symmetry" that Juan Maldacena explored in this paper: http://arxiv.org/abs/1410.6753

Franga Vita - 2018-12-04

sam witwicky Fluid theory (Reproduction/Alimentation/Rationality) decanted selfmultidimentionalover...
The simultaneity polydynamics of the movement (Reproduction/Alimentation/Rationality generates pseudo-autonomy as material property, of the autogenous phenomenon; existing.(...)
Simultaneous as my unidimensional variability...
unidimensional variability = live-beings

Armaros - 2014-02-02

3:00 Is that Hyrule and Mordor in the center? lmao

josen95 - 2016-08-22

2:15 "...and this transfer of value happens solely because we measure value differently in different places"

I'd have to disagree with that statement. Arbitrage isn't possible because we MEASURE VALUE DIFFERENTLY in different places. It's possible because we VALUE THINGS DIFFERENTLY in different places. Even if all countries were to hypothetically use the same currency, arbitrage could still happen simply because sheep are more abundant and desired in some places than others. In fact, the differences in their value would be more obvious and easy to measure in such a scenario.

Although the analogy isn't really a "direct application", it still gets the point across. So kudos nonetheless! :)

M Daffa Nurfauzan - 2016-08-31

Measure value differently and value things differently, it's actually has a same meaning tbh

josen95 - 2016-09-03

I'm afraid they don't...

When you "measure value differently", you are simply using different currencies:
"Germany transacts and prices in euros, while the US does so in dollars. Both countries measure value differently."

Even when you "measure value differently", it's still possible for you to value a certain thing the same:
"At an exchange rate of 1 dollar=0.9 euro, a certain wine costs 100 dollars (=90 euros) in the US while costing 90 euros (=100 dollars) in Germany. Both countries value that certain wine equally."

When you "value things differently", you are actually giving different amounts of value to a certain thing:
"At an exchange rate of 1 dollar=0.9 euro, a certain wine costs 96 dollars (=86.06 euros) in the US while costing 95 euros (=105.97 dollars) in Germany. Germany values that certain wine greater than the US."

HiroClaw - 2019-12-13

the unit is different, but the amount can be the same

Sheep InSpace - 2013-11-14

I'm not a huge physics fan but I clicked on the video because there was a sheep and a Canadian flag on the snapshot and that appealed to be on a very deep level. 

I think my life has just been made a little better now though. Yay.

Meow? Meow. - 2017-09-29

me: I don't understand.
minutephysics: Here, have a similarly complicated analogy!
me: This does not help.

pinpoint45 - 2014-02-24

how much do sheep go for in Hyrule now a days?

jewnozzle - 2014-03-19

Last I checked it was 35 Rupees

Mathieu Cote - 2017-02-21

Pretty sure it's 50 now. Damn inflation.

Ze Great Pumpkinani - 2019-07-08

I think a more important question is what they're even called in Hyrule, damn you Nintendo!

OldePak - 2015-10-21

when slowing down to 0.5 the narrator sounds like he's brain damaged. like walter jr. yo.

TheEmptyForever - 2016-04-21

+OldePak Thanks to you, sir, i'm going to hell.

Ethan Wild - 2017-02-18

OldePak how do you slowdown vids pls

Alset - 2017-03-09

TheEmptyForever a

YouTube Police - 2018-02-16

OldePak Haha that's exactly what I did to see what flashed past the screen at around 3:15. Surprised someone else slowed the video down.

Strong - 2020-01-09

I need to slow it down to 0.5 not to miss illustrations.

ultrascience - 2013-11-26

The longest Video!!!!!!

ForeverOfTheStars - 2016-01-18

But does gravity actually have a guage boson? From my understanding that boson is supposed to be the graviton, but we have never seen hide nor hair of such a graviton... Furthermore doesn't General Relativity describe gravity as a curvature of space-time rather than an actual force between objects, which would seem to contradict the idea of quantum gravity? Is my understanding flawed?

Nightmare - 2016-06-17

+Benjamin Ljunggren Actual theorem, is the Space-Time bending. Of course, not proved.

Test Account Please Ignore - 2016-09-01

We don't have an accepted quantum theory of gravity yet, but when we do it will almost certainly involve a graviton.

Kajetan Radulski - 2019-07-07

@Test Account Please Ignore2019here gravitional waves has been discovered. Yieks!

Test Account Please Ignore - 2019-07-21

@Kajetan Radulski Yep! That doesn't change what I said though, we just now know with complete certainty that the continuous gravitational waves predicted by GR really do exist on the macro scale of the universe.


We still have no experimental evidence showing which of of the many hypotheses for how gravity behaves on the extremely small (quantum) scale (or alternatively, that they are all wrong).


Also it's worth mentioning that we don't have evidence for technological reasons only, it's not like there's something wrong with all the theory. We could solve this question fairly easily with LHC era accelerator technology, the only issue is the radius of this accelerator would have to be on the order of the Earth's orbit around the sun!

Persian Mapper - 2017-11-16

You've got a thing for Iran don't you?

Dank McMeme - 2013-11-24

Why there no part 2?

lxlxxlxlxl - 2015-05-24

At 3:00 is thet Hyrule ? xD

Karl Gustafsson - 2013-11-26

You guys got it all wrong! Sheeps are way more valuable then gold! ^^

Karl Gustafsson - 2014-01-10

yes and gold aint, so that proves me just about right ^^

Karl Gustafsson - 2014-01-25

Then you wouldn`t get any wool >:<-baka

Casey Ahumada - 2014-08-23

0:47 Oi, I'm no sheep!

musketman12 - 2014-10-01

@***** Baaaaaaaaaaaaaah

Zeince - 2014-08-11

Lol Hyrule and Mordor?

Toby and Friends - 2015-09-11

i lost myself when i saw tower of sauron

Badlo - 2013-12-03

Lol it had a legend of zelda triforce symbol on the thumbnail! XD

I Am Kocka - 2019-09-23

"It's like stealing, only legal." That is now my favourite quote.

Aryan Singh - 2017-11-08

I love how the videos always end with an idea or joke that relates to the video. It just makes the videos seem complete

ChildOfThe Ivy - 2014-11-18

Middle earth isn't in the middle. Hyrule is :3

Niidea1986 - 2015-02-07

Middle earth? I thought it was Italia D: 

Levo GAMES - 2015-07-28

@Niidea1986
Fun Fact:
According to J.R.R Tolkien, Middle Earth is Earth in the past. Sort of.

PastaSauce 7 - 2020-02-12

"It's like stealing, only legal."
Me: dollar sign eyes
"Now don't all go running off to buy Canadian sheep!"
Me: deflated

FoxCubGurl - 2015-07-23

3:05 XD Legend of Zelda and Lord of the Rings.

Aosgood94 - 2013-09-22

1:12 so... you're from the south?

keegan112099 - 2013-04-17

3:05 I KNEW MORDOR WAS REAL!!!!

PiaNoONE - 2013-10-28

0:51 What is that equation called?

Lithrus - 2013-03-22

3:00 XD the legend Of Zelda symbol and Sauron's dark tower.

BioniclesaurKing4t2 - 2013-07-22

3:01 The Magic Schoolbus!

ChocoRobz - 2013-03-04

I love how the narrator knows his fictional currency :D

FurryACiD - 2013-11-21

0:48, I'm not sure how I'm supposed to react to that...

Ignisardor - 2013-05-08

F-for Nayru's love, I was about to write the same thing! :D

Antaredja Kartasasmita - 2013-11-26

I'd like the explanation of 5 sauron coins to 600 rupees 

Shreeya Mittal - 2018-06-21

Have to agree!

Mayavi Chumbak - 2019-06-26

id like the explanation of your name.

imightbehannah - 2013-01-15

I love physics it makes me feel smart

b0010100b - 2013-06-12

Lmao! eye of Sauron @3:05 on the middle country! lol I love Minute Physics!!!

rfLarke - 2017-05-25

"I need something simple and easy to digest to use as an analog for the complex and abstract subject of physics. I know! Economics!"

Franga Vita - 2018-12-04

rfLarke Fluid theory (Reproduction/Alimentation/Rationality)

Franga Vita - 2018-12-04

rfLarke Fluid theory (Reproduction/Alimentation/Rationality) decanted selfmultidimentionalover...
The simultaneity polydynamics of the movement (Reproduction/Alimentation/Rationality generates pseudo-autonomy as material property, of the autogenous phenomenon; existing.(...)
Simultaneous as my unidimensional variability...
unidimensional variability = live-beings

Brandon Ma - 2015-03-23

0:04 omg

Oscar Hamilton - 2014-02-08

1:37, I was that Canadian.

cappo 117 - 2016-12-28

HEY! I'm from Canada! lol

Filipe P. Vasconcelos - 2014-08-28

"MinuteEconomy"

tru3m3talh3ad - 2013-04-14

Hahaha that made me laugh. :)

Keagan Miller - 2014-06-04

I like how he included a triforce :D

Bidmartinlo - 2014-11-09

I learned nothing... .-.

Franga Vita - 2018-12-04

Bidmartinlo Fluid theory (Reproduction/Alimentation/Rationality) decanted selfmultidimentionalover...
The simultaneity polydynamics of the movement (Reproduction/Alimentation/Rationality generates pseudo-autonomy as material property, of the autogenous phenomenon; existing.(...)
Simultaneous as my unidimensional variability...
unidimensional variability = live-beings

keelah - 2013-08-03

2:26 "Now don't go running off buying Canadian sheep and selling it in the US" Damnit. There goes my plan. x)