Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell - 2023-08-16
Go ‘beyond the nutshell’ at https://brilliant.org/nutshell/ and dive deeper into these topics and more with a free 30-day trial! This video was sponsored by Brilliant. Thanks a lot for the support! Grab your Limited Edition Wheel of Fear Pin before the pre-order ends!: https://shop.kgs.link/fear-pin Sources & further reading: https://sites.google.com/view/sources-destroyablackhole/ Black holes can destroy everything – but can they be destroyed? What happens if we push physics to the absolute limits, maybe even break it and the universe in the process? Let’s create a tiny black hole, about the mass of our moon, in the Kurzgesagt Labs and try to rip it apart. OUR CHANNELS ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ German: https://kgs.link/youtubeDE Spanish: https://kgs.link/youtubeES French: https://kgs.link/youtubeFR Portuguese: https://kgs.link/youtubePT Arabic: https://kgs.link/youtubeAR Hindi: https://kgs.link/youtubeHI Japanese: https://kgs.link/youtubeJA Korean: https://kgs.link/youtubeKO HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT US? ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ This is how we make our living and it would be a pleasure if you support us! Get Products designed with ❤ https://shop-us.kurzgesagt.org Join the Patreon Bird Army 🐧 https://kgs.link/patreon DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ TikTok: https://kgs.link/tiktok Reddit: https://kgs.link/reddit Instagram: https://kgs.link/instagram Twitter: https://kgs.link/twitter Facebook: https://kgs.link/facebook Discord: https://kgs.link/discord Newsletter: https://kgs.link/newsletter OUR VOICE ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ The Kurzgesagt voice is from Steve Taylor: https://kgs.link/youtube-voice OUR MUSIC ♬♪ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ 700+ minutes of Kurzgesagt Soundtracks by Epic Mountain: Spotify: https://kgs.link/music-spotify Soundcloud: https://kgs.link/music-soundcloud Bandcamp: https://kgs.link/music-bandcamp Youtube: https://kgs.link/music-youtube Facebook: https://kgs.link/music-facebook The Soundtrack of this video: Soundcloud: https://bit.ly/3OWqja9 Bandcamp: https://bit.ly/455Iy2o If you want to help us caption this video, please send subtitles to subtitle@kurzgesagt.org You can find info on what subtitle files work on YouTube here: https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2734698?hl=en-GB&ref_topic=7296214 Thank you! 🐦🐧🐤 PATREON BIRD ARMY 🐤🐧🐦 ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Many Thanks to our wonderful Patreons (from http://kgs.link/patreon) who support us every month and made this video possible: Mason & Sophia Green, KEZACO, Mitchell Grenier, Merlin, Sage, Morry Kolman, Riomura_Dev, Nidhoegger, Julian Nowak, Rayyrawr, Arthur Robillard, Christian, Raphael Seffers, Sim Slim, David Manzanarez, cicero4, Domenic Rigling, AlZe, Jonas Brodesser, Peter Roth, Tobias, Nuno Serén, Adam W, David Bank, Charles Brown, Winston White, Dustin Davis, Hassan Taher, Eduardo Omerović C., Juan Arturo Drew P., Glacier, marin, Jae Darl, Scott & Sora, Andoriol, Piero Acevedo, Isimo, West Stringfellow, Driaon, Simon Goller, Tom Bonarewitz, Amelie Büttner, Ma. Jimena, Kury Sama, Marco Grotemeyer, Bao Truong, Chrispy, Nigggo, Sivarama Pokala, jonas meinberg, Cheese, David Walsh, Jan, Philipp Laube, Sinje Brandt, Lit, Paul, Junipal Witt, Rhodii Rodiles, Jamarr Mays, Andre Vianna, Flemming H., Nick Elvis, Snake4you, Midokin, Mario Tutzer, MetroTM, CheezeNuggies, Mäddin, Nils Scholz, Samsa, Kaine Shadory, TNT TV Gaming, Kevin Kaufmann, Florian Arndt
i imagine the animators having so much fun trying to convey how maximum absurdity feels
and then the music artists too
Add some bananas here and there
The amount of effort is genuinely impressive
B A N A N A
We can finally make the maximum improbability drive!
Props to the cameraman who waited for 10^44 years to record a blackhole evaporate
If future humans can get black hole bombs to work, doesn't that mean we'll have energy to survive as long as the black holes, if not longer? Long after the universe has gone dark?
Cameramen never die
He just went to the singularity point
Cameraman 😆😆
@@skyellama8374yeah until the black hole evaporates, and then we'd need to find another
Absolutely mesmerized by this video's artistic depth and expression. The animator's portrayal of the black hole is stunning and deeply moving. Fantastic work!
Ok.
8:25 I want to pet it
@@nidungr3496No you don't.
wrrr
You can't be real.
"Ferb I know what we are going to do today"
underrated
Candice be like:'MOOOOOM'
I love how Kurzgesagt's first reaction to any information is to "nuke it"
bro think he Douglas MacArthur
Legalize nuclear bombs
Like he's the disgraced former president of the United States
moar dakka
Works like 75% of the time though
the idea of black holes as superprisons keeping reality breakers imprisoned is actually really cool
Yeah, but reality sucks, so I'd still like to know what happens.
It's true. The giants that used to terrible the earth are now trapped in black holes. Your statement has biblical backing. Check the book of Enoch when God took him to explore the heavens.
The title changes dramatically if you add an ";)"
the scp foundation would like to know your location
I see what you did there @@junohawley
The sheer creativity in this animation! I can almost picture the animators giggling as they brought this ridiculousness to life.
5:32 my jaw is literally on the ground and omg the soundtrack???!?!? makes me feel so insignificant and at the same time so fascinated and terrified KURZGESAGT YOU NEVER FAIL TO AMAZE !!! i learn so much from you, thank you for your videos you guys are AMAZING!!!
THANK YOUUUUUUU OMG AS SOMEONE WHO IS IN A SYMPHONIC ORCHESTRA; MUSIC LIKE THIS FEELS LIKE YOU'RE FLYING IM MESMERISED WORDS CANNOT DESCRIBE HOW AMAZED I AM
The idea that black holes are a dev workaround for a gamebreaking bug for the universe is a very compelling one.
"Hey, uh, we have a small issue."
"What is it?"
"You know how celestial bodies use that density method depending on their mass and size? Apparently a large enough body overflows and the density is calculated as infinite."
"Oh. Well, I'm sure it's such an insane size that it won't realistically happen in a timeline. Maybe we could work it into a cool end-of-universe thing though."
"Except it can happen in a timeline. And it has in tests. And the moment it happens everything collapses because density is infinite and thus gravity is infinite."
"The universe is supposed to come out in two days! Just change the formula!"
"We've tried. I'm sorry, but changing it breaks everything else that relies on it."
"Well I don't know! Just hide it or something. We can do bugfixes and stuff after release, but it has to be at least playable."
"What do you want me to do, just create matter voids around them?"
"...you know what? Sure. But make it intuitive. Maybe they get larger the more you feed them?"
"I can do that. Oh, and we can make them decay over time so that they delete themselves but it doesn't feel unrealistic!"
"Perfect. Just get that coded in and we'll call it a day."
A glitch in a matrix with a cheap fix... the devs of reality must be on a tight budget
@@hencethebeetroot "hey, HEY... this brain in jar is over thinking... give it some more social medai"
@@hencethebeetroot EPIC, EPIC. PERFECTION! NOICE.
JUST KEEP ADDDING ZEROS ITALWAYS WORKS
It's interesting to note that singularities don't break actual physics, more like they break the model we use at the moment to understand physics. This is important, because it means that singularities can and do make sense, the problem is we don't have the right model to understand them yet.
Couldn’t the answer instead be that within the event horizon, there is something other than a singularity? E.g. iirc one idea assuming string theory is that the interior of a black hole is like, a big jumble of the “strings” , which end up (I guess due to having so much energy) having size comparable to the size of the black hole, instead of being of a subatomic size?
Its sooo interesting
Physics is not a thing, but our model(s) of nature. So kurzgesagt is right. A singularity breaks our models but it does not "break nature".
This.
My biggest petpeeve with popscience videos is the "break reality" trope. No, it doesn't break reality, it is part of reality. It can break OUR understanding (our science) of reality, but to the natural world itself that's just tuesday.
Would love to see what would happen to sombody if they gazed at a bare singularly
It’s absolutely crazy how far humanity has come
We didn't have the ability to do any of this idea only to try to calculate it base on the information we have
@@yitzhakbohadana5102duh!! He’s taking about the idea that we know about such things
Black holes basically turn everything into that data that takes up 60% of your computer's storage but your computer doesn't tell you what it is.
Learning that a Black Hole's center is "in the future" kind of broke my mind for several minutes. ALso: This animation just keeps getting better and better!
It's because of the relativistic effects of gravity. It's not in the future "per se", but you would experience the death of the universe if you were falling towards one
@@accountnamewithheld At the point where we talk about time in things like this, the definition of time that we use everyday becomes meaningless. Past, present and future happen at the same time. It's the same with space. You're everywhere and everywhen and that all at once.
you don't actually go in the future, time just freezes for you.
Technically, everywhere you want to go is as much in the future as it is in front of you.
@@accountnamewithheld I was wondering this, too. Its gravitational pull would be so massive, everything around it will look like it's going extremely fast. But how does that make singularity lie in the future? Shouldn't it be in the past? We from the outside move on, might even die, before the singularity is reached.
I like how black holes are so absurdly powerful that they just had to settle with shaving the top off as 'destroying' the black hole
I wonder if stripping them of their event horizon actually prevents them from evaporating thus making them eternal
@@andreabardelli3137 That would be hardcore
@@andreabardelli3137Why would it do that?
Because the event horizon is the thing decaying to hawking radiation, not the singularity.
This should mean, that most likely a naked singularity would be eternal.
We can't know this for sure, as no black hole will die within the lifetime of our civilization.
@@jb76489not a physicist but from what I know the Hawking Radiation is what happens when a particle and antiparticle are created out of nothing. Normally they cancel eachother out and nothing happens. But when one particle is inside the event horizon and the other isn't, one particle "exists and the black whole "pays" the energetic toll for forcing it to exist. This is a very simplified explanation so I recommend you look into Hawking Radiation for more info
3:55
I recall a previous video on black holes introducing the concept of the ergosphere, a section of space surrounding the event horizon that quite literally churns around it like a spatial vortex because of the singularity's extreme spin. What would happen to that when the event horizon is removed?
My first idea is that it wouldn't go anywhere - it was caused by the spin, and extreme spin is what's needed to remove the event horizon. Which means getting as close as you like is probably still rather perilous!
Okay, time to explain some weird things.
A rotating black hole has actually 2 event horizons,
The outer event horizon, the normal point of no return.
The inner event horizon, caused by the rotation causing space to move slower than lightspeed.
There is also a second ergosphere, inside the inner event horizon.
The inner ergosphere still exists, when the singularity is naked.
The outer ergosphere doesn't.
@@A_literal_cube Holy shit
What if the ergosphere effectively becomes a new event horizon, just one that "smears" information and matter around a shell rather than having it fall all the way in?
how did kurzgesagt made educational video more epic than entire star wars sequels
the sequels aren't a high bar to beat
I absolutely love it how he was so chill at the beginning, but closer to the end he became so chaotic and aggressive lmao
Yeah something different about this.
Yeah ikr, at the beginning he spoke in a calm, slow voice, but then at the end he spoke in a fast chaotic voice 😂
and then he went back to calm when he started the ad lol
watching the video felt like taking crack and then feeling the effects near the end
The music just amped it up so much as well. Too good
The concept of a naked singularity is just incredible to me. It's a concept reminiscent of cosmic horror stories, as it is something so unfathomably powerful, indescribable, inconceivable and incomprehensible that simple observation of it could potentially cause reality itself to break in ways we couldn't even begin to imagine. And yet, this is a scientific hypothesis, not a horror story. The idea of something like that potentially being possible sends shivers down my spine. While I'd honestly be shocked if naked singularities were actually physically possible in our universe, the concept has an appeal nothing else can really quite match.
Fr, imagine something so unspeakably horrible, dangerous, or just plain weird that the nature of the universe throws all the stops at you possible to prevent it from being unleashed
It reminds me of photons. Observing it changes reality
My brain immediately went "wait..... isn't that an infinite improbability generator?"
The real horror comes from the concept of something and nothing and its far reaching implications. Either something came from nothing, which should be impossible. Or something always existed. Either way the full picture of reality is far beyond our current experience.
Sorry to be a buzzkill, but in this video they kinda forget what a singularity is to begin with: a kind of divide by zero error. It's just a hole in the mathematics we use to describe gravity. Singularities aren't physical. You can't have a naked singularity because they don't exist.
If we have a theory of quantum gravity, that might explain what would happen if we push a black hole past its breaking point (if there even is such a thing). There is no such thing as breaking reality however.
Please do even more stuff about black holes this is awesome!
This is simply the best video on Youtube. The whole team of Kurzgesagt deserves an award for this sole video. The music, the script the animation everything was better than every movie ever made💥💥
The idea that there are literal points in our universe where space and time do not exist is extremely fascinating.
And are also most likely false, like all paradoxes are
Theoretically
well, probably not literal, it's just our theory breaks at that point so we replace the "??????" at the centre of a blackhole with the logical prediction of our theory, a singularity. but that means the theory is probably wrong, or more likely, incomplete
Yes, it's hard to fathom such a state. Even calling it a state is a misrepresentation. My mind struggles to grasp the singularity, but to no avail.
Are we sure those counts as being "in", or "part of" the universe? They sound like what was before the big bang, not part of the universe by definition.
As an astrophysicist, I'm extremely impressed with how Kurzgesagt was able to put this into understandable or simplified terms. Studying the capacity of black holes has always boggled my mind no matter the depths I go into the physics we have now.
Honestly, I'm surprised they never threw in white holes, whether for the anti-blackhole (if a white hole isn't the anti-particle of a black hole, then nothing is), or as a comment on the "anything can come out" aspect of a naked singularity.
They even mentioned Hawking radiation, and that might be the real-world manifestation of a white hole, and still no mention of white holes.
White hole isn't an anti-black hole. But I'm also curious.
@@absalomdraconisantimatter is the opposite of matter only in charge.. same spin.. same masse..
And white wholes are opposite in mass..
Its technically negative mass..
But colliding them together would be impossible i think.. because of how positive and negative mass behave together.. plus they still dont have that much of science behind white wholes
Hi
@@ibrahimbenhmida3852It's definitely not negative mass. And, there is no such thing as negative mass. If white holes do exist, they would be composed of mass, not negative mass.
Just the right amount of characterization and the right amount of hype music.
Perfect visuals as always.
Just Brilliant.
I cannot get enough of these space shows, they are the best!!
I love how black holes are so simple but so complicated at the same time.
no@@Noah-jq1ff
@@Noah-jq1ff Oh shut up,allah is just not even exsist.
@@Noah-jq1ff Shut
They're the ultimate dark n broody 6ft7 goth adonis brad pitt kinda thing.
@@pr0xZen xD
Kurzgesagt is exactly the type of channel to make a black hole on their own
too bad@@ruthbower6075
That would be "I did a thing" or "styropyro"
Them or Vsauce
Wow, this video really blew my mind! It's fascinating to think about the immense power and mystery of black holes.
haven’t come across a channel where i binge watch all the videos in YEARS like i mean new fresh ideas that are always engaging and interesting and every time this amazing team puts together a new video you know your gonna learn something in a fun way.
"You break a stick, you now have two sticks. Stick always wins." was a very profound look into black holes, apparently.
of course, it's impossible to destroy something that doesn't exist in the first place. >_<
@@quickmythril2398 what
well, break a stick enough times and you will end up with thin disks / or fine powder (depending on the way you ‘break’ it)
i guess you will win eventually, which means it only needs determination and means of breaking it further and further.
and when you look at the dust… its going to be hard to argue that the stick won…
:)
there is always a limit when things stop being a thing and they become something else.
like those sticks… two sticks… 4 … etc… but at point it takes on a new form and becomes sawdust
burn the stick
@@mityaboy4639 the sticks will live on through the disks, and therefore the disks are also your enemy. you can never win
The animations are otherworldly as always, but the soundtrack for this video goes so hard it's like a final boss fight music. Props to everyone who makes these videos possible!
Breaking the event horizon is the equivalent of breaking a sacred seal imprisoning an unknowable, malevolent cosmic horror.
Exactly! the music is amazing
Singularity has awoken
Man, I'm very pleased to have found this page! U guys rocks!!!
Can't wait for more form the Kurzgesagt Labs!
Imagine how good a space book would be if kurzgesagt made it, with the graphics and the concepts it would be incredible.
Is there not one?
they already made a book but i dont think it just covers space
and its not up to date
@@gcat360 no sadly
We need that book now
Rip
Just a quick note. Singularity as a point is only for static (non-rotating) black holes. If the blackhole rotates, its singularity has a shape of a ring (ringularity). Another interesting point is that a rotating black hole has two event horizons. The funny fact is that in between the horizons, you don't have to necessarily travel towards the singularity although you can't escape from there. You could live happily there for years but if you crossed the second horizon you have to reach the singularity.
replying for visibility- very cool stuff
a ringshaped singularity actually makes me wonder: what happens if you are in the exact centre of that "ringularity"?
Because, like Kurzgesagt also explained, the singularity would be your future. But if you are in the exact centre of this ring, every direction points toward the future.
I believe Kurzgesagt has already done a video touching on this - the "Black Hole Bomb" video...
@@baraapudding In theory, you should be able to safely pass through the middle and some think it should serve as a wormhole that spits you out into another universe from a white-hole. But I don't believe such a claims :D
@@baraapuddingas far as i understand, as long as you're past the event horizon every direction you can go will only ever lead you towards the singularity (which is the reason nothing can escape the event horizon). So i don't think it would matter if you were in the "hole" of a ringularity or somewhere else inside of the black hole. I'm not a physicist so i can't tell you for sure but i think that's how it works
Damn, I don't understand HOW I didn't find your channel before! This content is just a CELEBRATION!
An old memory just came to the surface.
I used to own a guidebook on this subject, years ago when I was hitchhiking.
I love how the beginning was chill and contained simple explanations, then the Music in the end Being so Dramatic and how Kurzgesagt was basically like, "Everything has lost its meaning, The Universe becomes the definintion of Chaos and Absurdity"
this is the moment kurzgesagt became bill cipher
Kurzgesagt literally became the embodiment of Nihility lol
so true
axolotl my time has come to burn I invoke the ancient power that I may return @@nathanpierce7681
@@nathanpierce7681 Gave me those vibes too, but controlled. Even scarier
God Emperor Protect Us
This went from "black hole be gone" to "spacetime bending existential crisis fever dream"
The pipeline of all Kurzgesagt video
I got the vibes from you writing "fever"
Lol thanks for your comment , it's underated
I love your animations! Also taught me a lot good luck on your future 🎉❤
I love this so much! 🥰👍🏻🙏🏻 Amazing job guys!! Thank you 💖
How someone managed to explain black holes in a simple way is beyond me
This looks simple becuz it's just theory part the real physics is when mathematics comes on, and that's where no one is interested 💀
@@riceballs_walmart that's what i said
this video is basically science fiction
@@justlivinglife6315 It's not exactly science fiction, it's more of just seeing what would happen if you inputted massive numbers into those physics equations. They just omitted the calculations.
Now the validity of those physics equations is something else, as particle physics and theoretical physics are both fields that have frequent breakthroughs and rewrites of what we thought was set in stone.
@@riceballs_walmartM=E/cc
E=mcc
as a physics student this was quite a stressful video to imagine. but as always 10/10 on overall video production
Nutshell inspires me.. My parents said if i get 40K followers They'd buy me a professional camera for recording..begging u guys , literally
Begging.
@@namantherockstarI just followed you, I hope you follow your dreams and succeed 👍🏾
Yo if you are a physicist maybe you can answer my question... When a black hole shrinks over time - that must mean there is a point where its mass is no longer able to create an event horizon right? That would mean that at some point the singularity would be visible and maybe explode bc there is not enough gravity to compress itself, right?
@@plantarum3276 Not a physicist, but as I understand it, it would simply evaporate in a burst of energy
@plantarum3276
Any mass can have an event horizon. It just gets smaller if your mass shrinks. However, there appears to be a lower limit that arises from quantum physics. Once that has been reached the black hole emits a photon whose energy corresponds to its remaining mass and it is gone. Sadly this is not very interesting, but that is probably the way all matter in the universe will ultimately go. At that time we will have reached the heat death of the universe.
Animations are crazy! Great Video
Just stumbled across this channel and I’m amazed.
ah yes, extremely dangerous experiments involving the very thing that breaks our understanding of physics; truly peak Kurzgesagt
Alternate: "how to destroy black holes by using imaginative methods"
read death's end by cixin liu they put a black hole in an oneil cylinder
🤓
"🤓"
-🤓, c.2024
Imagine being the physicist in charge of an event horizon breaking experiment. Real Oppenheimer moment right there.
If you had the power to create a black hole with the mass of the moon, you'd have the power to annihilate a continent.
@@Pho7onyou mean a planet or star
"i have become death, destroyer of universes"
@@Pho7onyou mean, destroy half the galaxy.
9:00 "We just have to wait"
I now have gotten over my fear from black holes now that I've learned they age.
Patience is the key! :P
Thanks for the video!
This is by far my favorite episode. Chaotic and the music fits so well with the chaotic nature of breaking physics
it seems also to be the most scientifically incorrect
@@stevencraeynest7729 They've got their sources linked in the description. If you have issues with it, I suggest actually confronting it directly and saying what's wrong, how, and what would actually be more accurate.
@@stevencraeynest7729 it is also purely theoretical
@kurzgesagt - 2023-08-16
Go ‘beyond the nutshell’ at https://brilliant.org/nutshell/ and dive deeper into these topics and more with a free 30-day trial!
This video was sponsored by Brilliant. Thanks a lot for the support!
@SpaceWafflerYT - 2023-08-16
White hole
@zzL2536 - 2023-08-16
ok
@ishaanroadto200subs4 - 2023-08-16
Yes
@kraken_8 - 2023-08-16
mep
@Asa-xz7jt - 2023-08-16
oh we did break it