Extractions&Ire - 2024-11-11
Material science done with things I find lying around. Twitter: https://x.com/Explosions_Fire Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/ExplosionsAndFire/ Join the Discord!! https://discord.gg/VR6Fz9g Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ExplosionsandFire Music: Tracks taken from the album ‘Aluminum’ by Arvid. Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/artist/6yPGvGC0PJZPdyaxi7xwoT Apple Music: https://music.apple.com/us/artist/arvid/1493677330 References: "Low-Cost Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals by Wet Ball Milling" https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsanm.8b00038
Bird: "How can I make sure my kids grow up with the maximum exposure to strange chemicals?"
Bet it does wonders getting rid of nest parasites like mites, ticks and such. Similar to how some birds started purposefully gathering discarded cigarette butts to line their nests with, nicotine (and one imagines, all the other residues and tar) being an effective insecticide.
extractions&fire's going to bite the bird and then he'll (the bird) end up becoming a superhero called humanbird
@botvis why does mummys house always smell like cigarettes??
At this point he should name it "Canary".
@botvis The ravens around me take my Lemongrass and Lavender, which I always wondered if that was because they were repellents.
The bird subplot is what really elevates these videos beyond ordinary chemistry productions. Cool synthesis too
that ending shot with the dramatic music over the newborn birds is utterly transcendent
The chemistry of life
Love this sub plot.
34:30 any eggs in there?
Come for the chemistry , stay for the birds
Tom - "I should label test tubes so I don't just have a load of random white powder"
Hardware store - "We need to correct this label by hand in case anyone thinks they're buying half a kilometre of lead."
Long line of lead there
@insouciantFoxSNIIIIFFFFFFF
Guage
I mean... you can buy copper, steel and aluminium by the metre, why not lead XD
Lead flashing company: "Nobody is stupid enough to actually think this is supposed to be meters."
Customer: "This says 480m. It is not even close to that much in the package. I want a refund"
Average E&I to do list:
1. Filter the DMSO.
2. Dont die.
3. Check if there are actually eggs in the bird nest.
4: Look through cheek storage locker/Safely dispose of any really old chemicals
5: Relabel vials/vessels with strange white powder
Geologist seeing title: ooh! He's making perovskites. I wonder how he will pull that off since its a mantle mineral
The video, half a minute in: we don't care about geology
oh... okay
Right?! 😢
me, a geophysicist: hell yeah
Chemist seeing title: YESSS! Time to bend the natural order of things to our very will. God is dead and we killed him
Geologist looking for other geologists in comments. His lab is an uncontrolled environment stocked with a bunch of impure chemicals with a badly contaminated bird shitting on them. Its basically experimental geology. Made me think about how little geology cares about the kind of things chemists care about. We are making a mineral in nature. Composition? Don't care as long as the structure is right and even then, we will biff in a few elements that don't actually fit in the structure. Bit of copper in there? Probably, near enough, she'll be right, crack on.
He put up the Z level chart, that's waaaaay more than anyone will typically experience at least!
3:15 you ain't fooling me twice, that paper clearly used carrot not CsPbBr3
honestly, if they did use carrot for the photos, it does explain a lot
awesome reference
lightly pre-owned* carrot
carrot: marginally more effective than a blood sacrifice
All chemists are meme lords
“It ain’t about the production quality, I just genuinely want to do this” - I want that on a T-shirt. Wavy gradient word art impact, naturally.
graphic design is my passion
tie dye shirt with comic sans
@404CameraNotFoundnow we’re cooking with leaded fuel
and then he didn't shine UV on the end product
When you showed the paper on what procedure you'd be following, I didn't expect to see my professor there LOL. What a small world we live in.
Which one is he?
Yeah, I was reading a paper for a linguistics course the other day and found out I was part of the sample data. Small world indeed.
@zekanner I was reading a math book and found out the author crediting his student for helping with the book, and the student is one of my current lecturers.
He can copyright claim him
@Eldriitch Welcome to academics. Naturally the teacher requires you to buy their own book and of course there is a new edition every year.
Strait up: This Lead was produced in a facility that also contains Copper
When the white powders turned orange from just being shaken together, that was trippy as fuck.
Everybody loves lead.
Lead my beloved
lead love us too
I♥🅿🅱
More than Raymond that's for sure
It always sweetens my day.
Chemists paralysis monster is scunge in the corner.
'The Scunge' is a frightening name
@ExtractionsAndIre UK 1980s Children's Show: "The Trap Door" thought the same. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzDPy26LyUo
There's a point at the nanoscale where solids start to act a bit like liquids, particles will start to fuse and coagulate when they touch each other. That's why they use surfactants in nanomaterial science, keeps the particles separated so the ball mill can grind them even smaller without coagulation dominating. They use oleylamine because it's cheap and amines nicely and reversibly adsorb to most nanoparticle surfaces. I've seen carbonate or thiol-based surfactants too in specific cases. Honestly you could try replacing it with dish soap, might fail but it would be hilariously on-brand.
This guy gets the spirit, Dawn as a nanoscale synthesis surfactant is what E&F is all about. Please tom, the people need to know
I honestly wouldn't be surprised if it worked. He might need to get rid of colorants and fragrances though. The surfactant used in Dawn dish soap and others is sodium laureth sulfate (C14-C20).
I mean we first produced monolayer graphene using sticky tape.
I thought the same thing, and I'm not even a chemist. I just went by what I remember from reading shampoo and dishwasher soap labels as a bored child. Pretty sure several oleyls showed up, even if not the amine form.
I love lead. Use it for everything, sugar replacement, pipe material, whatever. It's really a great metal!
Also lead loves you so much, it won't ever leave your body. How romantic. <3
Ummm
Hello, distinguished citizen of Rome!
plus it tastes so much better than aluminium or brass.
@rigobertohidalgo2487 yeah but i have a really hard time getting it unstuck from my teeth
We don't come here for immaculate production value, we come here for shouty Aussie shed science.
Yo you made perovskite! My PhD was on metal
halide perovskites!
You could try use oleic acid instead of oleylamine if you cannot make/find some oleylamine. It also doesn’t have to be oleylamine. Any long-ish chain primary amine should suffice.
And if you are hellbent on the hardware store track, primary and secondary amines are pretty common additives to motor oil and metalworking fluids
Nice! Personally I would have used soap but oleic acid is probably good too...
Soap is kind of a chemical, right? I don't know much about chemistry. 😟
Nice! What is the exact effect provided by the long chain primary amines in that context (in the ball mill)? Does it somehow encapsule the smaller particles and prevents them from forming bigger aggregates again?
How does it taste?
Well done. See this is what YouTube is for, watching cool chemistry and learning new stuff. Hi from the sunny coast (it raining) qld 👍👍
Positives: at least 30% efficiency solar power
Cons: leaks lead into houses, breaks down if exposed to sun for too long
Basically dies if used in its intended application. Yikes
does it actually absorb uv? if not you could at least put a uv reflective coating on it to protect it
Hey quit talking about me
Simple glass blocks UV. Maybe attenuates is more precise.
Jokes on you my house is already covered in lead paint. Adding more just builds on the character.
its gods greatest trick that lead is literally good at everything but is also toxic as hell
Also asbestos. Magical miracle fireproof fabric but pokes your DNA to death.
God pulls this trick all the time
Fluoropolymers and fluorocarbons? The most forever of forever chemicals but they're so good at what they do
Beryllium? Exceptional properties but it just fucks you up
HF? Great acid but the fluoride ions fuck you up from the inside out
Fuckin... Tetraethyl Lead? It makes engines not explode and then it makes people stupid??
Real trickster that God guy is
Isn't that the same guy that made our source of light and energy give us cancer?
It's good at everything, including being toxic
It's the ultimate test for humanity. We might think it is weak, but humans are even weaker.
kinda funny how he talks about perovskite panels leaching lead like it's a real issue
and 14 minutes later is like "yeah I bought 3 kilograms of lead roof flashing from the hardware store" without any interrogation
These break down every time its humid. A hunk of lead does not.
@garfield1245 Which is why perovskite solar panels don't actually* exist, and thus spending several minutes on a tangent talking about them leaching lead is doubly strange.
OTOH, lead roof flashing is known to pollute rainwater tanks, and evidently anyone can buy it, from a hardware store, by the kilogram
A further reinforcing of the "copper + lead = bad explosives" bit, there have been a rather alarmingly large number of ammo depot/factory explosions because of a small amount of copper contamination in the process to produce and use lead azide and lead styphnate in primer manufacturing, several of those cases were as simple as the cargo carrier bringing the load of lead styphnate into the plant for use jostling the cargo within normal designed for limits, the copper contamination made it sensitive enough that all that was left was a 10m deep crater and some foundations.
I thought most western manufacturers of primer are changing over to chlorate-based formulations.
@Shaker626 They are trying to but most big ammo component manufacturers are extremely reluctant to invest in building new facilities and plants, so almost all of them are running off of 50+ year plants and are purely operating for max profit so they stick with the old cheap stuff. The US and European military requirements for 'green' and 'non-toxic' ammo is the main driving force in redeveloping these assets into modern non-lead based primer production, all of the federal 'F.C NT' headstamped brass is probably the main example leading the market.
oh a crater? great, thanks. truly horrific
@Squirl7504 "truly horrific"
Better than many other things that can happen. Rather this than just a person brake-checking and the truck crushing somebody slowly.
Must be that manufacturers are just waiting until each of their factories is reduced to a crater before rebuilding as a new one
I don't know what's more heartwarming, watching the baby bird timeskip or his genuine childlike wonder that something worked out of the gate for once
"i need to remove that nest before the bird lays eggs"
2mins later
Lil birds
The bird is a grey shrike thrush. It’s a very lovely sounding bird!
I was wondering what it is was! I love birds but I'm not all all familiar with Australian birds.
When you say shrike thrush, I'm assuming it's a thrush that looks like a shrike? Especially as it seems to eat insects. We have shrikes and thrushes but no shrike thrushes (uk). Or is it neither a shrike nor a thrush?
I was going to like, but it was at 69. Thank you for Identifying that. Only Aussie birds I know are Kookaburra, and Magpies.
@TazPessle Science can’t tell you what a Duck, Goose, or Swan is. I say tasty water bird.
@TazPessle neither a shrike nor a thrush! shrikethrushes are their own unique genus :3
Finally I’ve lived to see the day where my work is made into a E&F video.
Hell yeah! Any extra tips so I can get this working really well??
@ExtractionsAndIreTrade secrets 😂
@ExtractionsAndIrewas there any flourescense of the final yellow material?
@kahlzun You must stay tuned for part two! Tom does not give away cliff hanger material. Right, Tom? Right???
@ExtractionsAndIre To grow large CsPbBr3 crystals, try using anti-solvent vapor crystallization. Take a beaker/vial of the concentrated CsBr/PbBr2 DMSO solution, cover with parafilm, and poke a bunch of small holes in the film. Place this beaker/vial into a larger vessel that contains an excess of liquid methanol. Cover the larger vessel tightly with parafilm. Methanol will vaporize and the vapor will dissolve into the DMSO over time (the holey parafilm helps control the vapor transport rate). At 25C, you should see crystallization in 1-3 days.
Neutralize the dissolved lead/copper(?) with ammonia. If there is Cu+2 present the deep blue color of the cuprammonium complex should appear; it is much darker than the pale blue copper aqueous complex.
You know how DMSO carries dissolved poisons through skin? It also carries dissolved medicines through skin. It's probably labeled "pharmaceutical grade" for use as a carrier solvent in pharmaceuticals, not for use as an active ingredient. Just like how norflurane is used as a carrier/propellant in some inhaled medicines, and is also usable (in larger amounts) as the active ingredient in general anesthetic.
Labcoatz Called you a "sane chemist" earlier today. Can you believe the nerve of that guy?
i'll get him
@ExtractionsAndIre Attaboy, give em hell! 😁👍🏻
He used to be a mad scientist, but after years of anger management now he's merely an irritable one (mostly due to yellow chemistry)
Yeah but somehow orange is OK?!? Jeez!
There was a channel on YouTube called the backyard scientist, but i think tom is more of a crackyard scientist
My favorite part about lead is how quickly it leaves your body, how it doesn't store itself in your bone marrow and how it has no long term effects that get worse as time goes on. It's just so cool that there is absolutely no safe exposure level.
Necessary /s for the non-chemists, but the last sentence is true. That is a confusing comment, wish there were notes here.
Compared to cadmium, mercury, or solutions of chrome (hexa), lead is pretty merciful. And we're not even talking about the real heavy stuff like arsenic and thallium yet.
It frustrates me to no end as a dude who likes to solder
@Palmtop_UserI make industrial batteries and have my blood checked regularly for its lead content. Eating lots of calcium helps the way iodized salt helps with radiation.
@MisterPerson-fk1tx
Does the heightened calcium intake increase the chance of developing a kidney stone?
6:37 They finally found the molecule responsible for stairs, what a monumental achievement.
That "copperised lead" is probably like "chemical lead". It has around 0.06% copper in it (sometimes with even smaller amounts of silver in it as well). It makes the lead flashing more resistant to corrosion, which is a good thing when it is used on roofs.
It was me who had to go through and correct the 450m to 450mm on all the lead packaging. Also had to wrap them all in that shitty paper as well. A few months ago it was just a lead sheet with a sticker holding the end to the rest of the roll.
Perfect, this is the bird content i paid for!
10/10
Profile picture checks out!
29:34 as someone who works with DMSO regularly you probably have about 2-4 seconds before it penetrates the nitrile gloves, depending on how thick they are. Usually double glove so I can rip the top layer off immediately and easily put another one on.
Also, can make you taste garlic if you get some on your skin.
Neoprene gloves are pretty resistant to DMSO according to Ansell's compatibility database (390-ish minute breakthrough time). I actually use neoprene pretty regularly since it's more resistant to a lot of the acids I use than nitrile.
… i always heard it done with peppermint oil, but yeah any flavor will pass through
I use it to transdermally absorb experimental drugs
thanks, horrific
Oh nice I love garlic I'm gonna put some on my skin
00:56 i cannot fathom the absolute pain that is sifting through hundreds and hundreds of Material Science papers regarding a 1% yield improvement on synthetic perovskite and perovskite-likes when they're just looking for like the 9 papers in the last 15 years worth of research on their natural mineralizing conditions... mineralogists, petrologists and geochemists my heart goes out for you all, maybe they should just add a prefix for synthetic stuff like Sy-perovskite or make up some suffix like Perovskitoid idk
This crystal family is used in a lot of tech. Its a dielectric for ceramic capacitors and the barrier insulator for mosfets and ICs with copper vias. Its used in piezoelectric crystals for lighters and speakers. In optics variants can be used for polarizing and nonlinear optical crystals. Good stuff. ❤
According to "Metals Handbook Desk Edition (2nd Edition)" (or rather google's summary of it) Copperized Lead Flashing is at least 99.9% Pb and 0.05% Cu.
For anyone else curious, supposedly this limits the release of lead into the environment (read: your house)
@tsawy6maybe we could use that to make the solar panels not leak lead into the environment 🤔
18:43 Wow, breaking out the artisanal non-GMO lead!
3:05 i can smell the physics phd
25:50 solubility values that low are not measured, just estimated from other thermodynamic quantities!
I cried, lol. ❤❤❤ Thanks for your passion and expertise in making this video. I've made lead perovskite materials for NASA in 2018 n the samples were encapsulated and sent to space (ISS for 10 months) for durability testing (publication in 2023). But that wasn't as exciting as making cobalt nanoparticles 4 Fischer Tropsch synthetic fuels in grad school circa 2010. It was the most amazingly beautiful blue 💙💙💙. This video just reminded me why I became a chemist ❤❤❤
One of the experiments I was running as a grad student involved making a concentrated solution of capsaicin in DMSO. I was verrry careful with that shit (DMSO has a penetration time for nitrile gloves of IIRC, 10 minutes, so I'd double glove and work to a timer like a Chernobyl liquidator). I did not want to know what concentrated capsaicin carried via my bloodstream to every mucus membrane in my body would feel like.
Ouchie :(
I was clumsy enough once to rub a small residual droplet of 300,000 Scoville hot sauce into my eye. 0/10, do not recommend!
Love that you made a liquid lead solution that will seep through your glove and your hand, terrifying substance. The fluorescent crystals were a cool byproduct lol
Liquid Lead Solution would be a great band name
Reminds me of gasoline when it had tetryl ethyl lead in it, and mechanics washed their hands and clothes in it, because it cut grease so well! Now we have lead free gas, and it is still unwise to wash in it!
@jeffreyyoung4104 Set us back like 6billion IQ points across the globe and increased all crime rates.. A likely huge factor in our current geopolitical position. Lead is so amazing as an element, so useful but damn if it doesn't destroy us.
@BismuthKaiju It surely explains maga.
Lol!
Good to see some alchemy working. The quest to make yellow continues.
1:24 I love that he didn’t need to mention what the downside was because it’s probably the only thing most people know about it.
It didn't ring a bell until you described the PbBr2 as "brilliant white" and pushed the powder around but of course, lead used to be used in paints. I can see now why someone saw that and thought "huh I should try mixing this with a binder". Why does nature make things that are so useful and nice so dangerous?
Finally, you make a video about something I did! I did my masters thesis on CsPbI3 nanocrystals, though I used the hot injection method for the synthesis. Oleylamine + oleic acid are generally used as surface passivation reagents. The carboxylate and ammonium groups can fill in defects on the nanocrystal surface, increasing quantum yields and providing a hydrophobic shell around the central crystal. This protective shell shields the core from water and oxygen, improving stability and allowing the crystals to be dispersed in apolar solvents such as hexane.
I don't know about oleylamine, but oleic acid is a fatty acid so should be readilyavailable. Through a few steps of organic synthesis you can convert oleic acid into its amine (oleylamine). I'm not sure if using only oleylamine would work, we always used it together with oleic acid. In discussions on passivation we always considered the ammonium group, meaning it needs to be protonated.
Hope this is any help.
Honestly oleic acid/amine is just convenient cause it is approx size 18 carbons in length, which has nice non polar properties. Anything about this size should probably work-ish, i would imagine?
I actually researched this (you can view my other comment for more info). The best result is recieved with both oleylamine and oleic acid, oleylamine alone comes just short (in terms of luminosity). Oleic acid alone is not very good, sadly.
Quick! The Hot Injection Method is:
A) A great name for a Jazz Fusion Combo band
B) The title of an AI-written science-based porno Starring Kyle Hill & A.R.I.A.
C) The name of a sex move one would try on their college significant other that sounds exotic, but turns out to be pretty disappointingly pedestrian
D) A spicy Albanian cola
E) All of the above
@sdfkjgh Does anyone know where I can buy the answer key to this?
@floorpizza8074: https://www.youtube.com/@CinemaSins
As an Electrical Engineer + Computer Engineer, i can also assure you that all my homies love lead. They make components last longer and the solder looks so shiny.
Lead-free solder just doesn't look or taste the same. Everyone hates RoHS, even if we don't think we do
The fumes smell so nice too!
@Girvo747the vapour pressure of molten lead at soldering temperatures is incredibly low. So low that at one atmosphere, no lead evaporates at those temperatures.
What you’re thinking of are flux fumes, which contain no lead.
@beefchicken unless you're soldering over 400°C with lead, then the lead oxide fumes are generally fine at low temps.
Then all you have to worry about is the rosin/acid based fluxes, gotta love inhaling that acid vapour.
Anything for a good joint tbh
@Micah2591 In my experience, all of the RoHS fluxes for lead-free soldering are worse than rosin and other fluxes designed for leaded solder.
43:22 Forbidden Tang.
The audio glitch at 0:36 left me deaf for the remainder of the video, but the funny man made me laugh.
Soluble lead and DMSO sounds like the combination of my nightmares - luckily for me, I can just watch you handle it.
Also, thumbs up for more bird content! You should train that little bird army into your lab assistants, you'll be unstoppable.
@ExtractionsAndIre - 2024-11-11
The music from this video was made by the artist 'Arvid', check out their artist page here: Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/artist/6yPGvGC0PJZPdyaxi7xwoT
Apple Music: https://music.apple.com/us/artist/arvid/1493677330
Thanks Arvid! Anyone can email me please if you make similar music and think it would go well in videos like this!!
@theycallmenyquil8064 - 2024-11-11
A thought for future. Can you show people and demonstrate the effects of muriatic acid otherwise known as hydrochloric acid on concrete.
@osethreaper8937 - 2024-11-11
Tl,dr: Popped how to synthesize oleyamine into Gemini and these were the responses I got. Hope it helps for the future!
Oleylamine is a commercially available chemical, so it is not typically synthesized in a laboratory setting. However, it can be synthesized through a multi-step process involving the following steps:
* Chlorination of Oleic Acid: Oleic acid is reacted with thionyl chloride to form oleoyl chloride. This reaction is typically carried out in a solvent like dichloromethane.
* Ammonolysis of Oleoyl Chloride: The oleoyl chloride is then reacted with ammonia to form oleylamide. This reaction is usually carried out in a solvent like dichloromethane or diethyl ether.
* Reduction of Oleylamide: The oleylamide is reduced to oleylamine using a reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) or sodium borohydride (NaBH4). This reaction is typically carried out in a solvent like diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran (THF).
It is important to note that this is a complex process that requires specialized equipment and expertise. It is generally not recommended to attempt this synthesis in a home laboratory.
If you need oleylamine for your research, it is recommended to purchase it from a commercial supplier.
To find a reliable commercial supplier of oleylamine, you can explore the following options:
* Chemical Suppliers:
* Sigma-Aldrich: A well-known supplier of chemicals and laboratory equipment.
* TCI America: Offers a wide range of chemicals, including oleylamine.
* Alfa Aesar: Another reputable supplier of chemicals and materials.
* VWR: Provides a variety of chemicals and laboratory supplies.
* Online Marketplaces:
* Chem-Supply: An online marketplace for chemicals and laboratory equipment.
* Fisher Scientific: Offers a wide range of products, including chemicals.
* Specialized Chemical Suppliers:
* Oleylamine manufacturers and distributors: These companies may offer bulk quantities or specialized grades of oleylamine. You can find them by searching online or contacting industry associations.
Additional Tips:
* Check Product Purity: Ensure the supplier provides information about the purity and grade of the oleylamine.
* Consider Quantity: Determine the amount of oleylamine you need to purchase. Some suppliers may have minimum order quantities.
* Shipping and Handling: Inquire about the shipping costs and any special handling requirements for oleylamine.
* Safety Data Sheet (SDS): Request the SDS for oleylamine to understand its safety precautions and handling procedures.
By considering these factors and exploring the options listed above, you can find a reliable supplier of oleylamine for your research or industrial needs.
@Alfred-Neuman - 2024-11-11
I ❤lead too! 🤤
@_general_error - 2024-11-11
Using
N-Oleyl-1,3-propanediamine instead of oleyanime? Or even Oleamide, which IS available on Amazon. Can you reduce Oleamide with LiAlH4?
@holderheck - 2024-11-11
Copperized Soft Lead, UNS L51125
Density 11.34 g/cc
Copper, Cu 0.060 %
Lead, Pb >= 99.9 %