Applied Science - 2019-07-04
Testing myths about gas inside tennis balls. Note: I should have added that all of the gases tested would have the same bounce height in a perfect no-loss system. The reason that SF6 bounces higher is because it heats less during compression, lowering the amount of possible thermal loss. Argon heats more during compression, and can lose more energy because of thermal transfer from the gas into the cylinder walls, where it is not restored upon decompression. Things are more complex in a tennis ball, though: Most of the losses are in the rubber shell, and not in the thermal dissipation of the fill gas. It's hard to estimate, but I'd say that the highest fill pressure, with a high-gamma gas would prove to be the most bouncy since it would cause the rubber shell to deform the least. The amount of compression in a tennis ball is very low, and any effect due to the gamma of the gas will be extremely small. Fill pressure will have a dramatically bigger effect. Google drive link : https://drive.google.com/open?id=10gktbl7YQve5IKNAak1L0wIS_g_4BVEW Nike Air: https://news.nike.com/news/nike-air-max-sustainability EPA SF6 use: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-02/documents/conf00_smythe_paper.pdf 100 kg load cell: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B077YHNNCP/ Instrumentation amplifier: https://www.ebay.com/itm/INA114-Instrumentation-Amplifier-Module-1000-Times-Gain-Adjustable-Single-Supply/272973857983 SF6 on eBay: https://www.ebay.com/itm/Sulfur-Hexafluoride-SF6-18-lb-Tank-New-full-cylinder-Insulating-Gas-SALE/283464688564 Tennis ball patent: https://patents.google.com/patent/US4358111 SF6 data sheet: https://npeinc.com/manuals/General%20Electric/GEBK-IBvendor/ALLIED%20CHEMICAL.PDF SF6 worldwide usage: https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gp/bgp/3_5_SF6_Electrical_Equipment_Other_Uses.pdf General adiabatic resources: http://rogercortesi.com/ideas/public/gasspring.html https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.01282.pdf http://isjos.org/JoP/vol1/Papers/JoPv1i1-2Tennis.pdf http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Sound/souspe3.html https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience
Imagine playing fetch with your dog using tennis balls filled with SF6. Rover chomps a bit too hard on the ball and suddenly his bark drops by an octave. 😁
Woof
wwwof
@Stuff & Tutorials Then you have to hold him like legs up, head down and everything will be fine in a short while.
Hahaha this was the funniest comment I have read in a very very long time.
so a scientist goes to a dog park. throws 3 balls. first goes yip. then bark. the last wOOf. witch one was nitrous
The vintage tennis ball is from before they invented colour
From before 1861 when color was invemted
dan fg that is extremely rude
But I agree with it
@Bevan Tse Also extremely funny!
The one from the blue can?
dan fg there still is
brilliant video.
I think it's time to start a build series on the Mass Spectrometer
Refining isotopes in callutron machine ( similar to mass spectrometer) super interesting
Heh...
But it's done
look what you've done
Followed by XRD, NMR, HPLC,, ICP and... basically sky is the limit here.
This is one of the few truly great channels out there, & has been from the get go.
i used to thinking ...that a crap at the lessons bit now it is all new level off understanding
all these states of matter make some sense now i never thought solids as gass state ( sound like pure crap) ... matterial since is tru thing ....if i pay more attetion to all this...i be more careful in the future ...
can light act differently with pressure ?
If you like this check out nilered and nileblue! Great (and scary) science being done over there.
Comments says 1234 and this has 1342 likes. Just had to Say it
I smiled as you ran through the "weight of the vacuum" segment, suspecting your debate to include it or not...kudos!
"Have to admit I put a little bit of oxygen in here to help my chances", of course, a classic Ben Krasnow move! Love the video and super interesting as always!
I almost never comment on Youtube videos, but I just wanted to leave a note to say that you're an absolute inspiration! I graduated with an engineering degree but stopped after my Bachelor's degree because university just wasn't what I'd hoped it would be. I was dreaming of an environment of exploration and free inquiry and got a bunch of calculus exams instead.
The content you publish on this channel is exactly what I always wanted from my engineering program. You dive fully into a topic and share all of the interesting surprises and tidbits you learned along the way. Your subject isn't necessarily chosen for some eventual business application or profit -- it's chosen because it's fun! You're not afraid to share your mistakes or errors of judgment, which makes the findings even more valuable and helps the viewers learn too. You don't waste time with elaborate introductions or self-aggrandizement. Although the content can be quite technical, you approach it with a thoughtful and respectful tone that's neither patronizing nor intentionally obfuscated. It's perfect. You're a shining example of what engineering and science is all about.
Please keep up the fantastic work! I'll be watching!
College nowadays is a waste of time. I'd prefer persuing a trade or just reading books, watching youtube for knowledge.
Nowherewithyou: Agreed. And indeed Applied is fantastic!
@Andrew Delashaw you keep using that word ("exploitation"), but I don't think it means what you think it means.
@UltraGamma25 hurr durr tRaDes and yOuTuBE and rEdDiT is how I get my knowlEgE durr
@bobsagget823 Reddit is for weebs like you
Video should do well since you used the word "Bouncy". :-) Another YT Trend.
@gorillaau No, you end up negating the word. LOL
@electronicsNmore I have misremembered the line from Doctor Who which was spoken by Rose Tyler after been possessed by Casandra: "It's like living inside a bouncy castle".
and if you add the word "breasts" after bouncy you get demonetized! the more you know :-)
You probably have to write it in ALL CAPS though.
Can confirm, this was in my recommended 👍
They need to put flubber into tennis balls.
"I wouldn't call it exhaustive"
@H Matthysen I am amazed by his doctrine
He's right. He knows he will never get to my tennis ball cemented into the basement wall.
@Dan Haiduc Adding to the springiness of your foundation in case of earthquake?
Exhaustive would need you to sample close to 100-1000 different brands to approach serious statistical certainty.
"I also tested tennis balls from a parallel universe where planet earth was run by sentient sea creatures..."
>..and fill it up from my tank of SF6
Of course you have a massive tank of SF6, shouldn't have been surprised
LiveLaughLoveLife LiveLaughLoveLife: SF6 Darthvadervoice
Did he not say he bought some around the 2-3 minute mark?
@Zephyr Skeome didn't mention a massive fuck off tank of it
@zvpunry Main problem is the number of schmucks like you with no growing experience who fail to realize we actually lack c02. Worry about climate change while they spray and manipulate the weather. Pay up for breathing chump.
Political Puppet Theatre: Please explain what you mean with lack of "c02" and who is spraying what and how the weather is manipulated. Maybe we can learn something from your experience.
"a mass spectrometer would be the ideal instrument, but since I haven't built one of those YET"
what a boss
@Coma White Have you seen his channel? I have no doubt he could
I find parts of one in surplus shop....probably not hard.
@Coma White He did it!!!!!!!! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIKhUizkXxA
I think there's a very good reason why you won't get SF6 in tennis balls, now. It is one of the worst of all greenhouse gases known.
@Coma White Built one what? MS? He has already!
Finger prints have weight. You should use gloves when weighing to 0.1 mg.
Or a gun
Or a sword
Or a green bean
Or a cannonball
Or a rosenberg anti-mass spectrometer
They don't use hydrogen in them anymore due to the Hindenball disaster.
lol :D
I wonder how hard you'd have to whack a hydrogen-and-oxygen ball to get it to blow up.
@Robert Price
Wouldn't a ball filled with hydrogen and oxygen be awful heavy, since it would be full of...
water? LOL
GeoD
@Sunamer Z that seems kinda risky, but sure.
SF6 is used in my industry to extinguish electrical arcs in circuit breakers.
@Gonun Fluorine? Welp, have a search for "Sand won't save you this time!" and prepare to run. :o :)
You guys failed to point out the reason for going to such lengths to avoid arcs.
That being that every arc ablates away part of the contact surface. Eventually a high voltage switch will be worn out and unable to make a safe connection, as poor contact would make it melt. The SF6 extends that lifespan by quite a lot.
Obviously, a naked spark would be dangerous on its own, but you could just keep the contacts isolated in an insulated breaker box to avoid that issue.
@Vidduley very interesting
Dielectric medium
SF6 is used in the electrical industry as a gaseous dielectric medium for high-voltage circuit breakers, switchgear, and other electrical equipment, often replacing oil filled circuit breakers (OCBs) that can contain harmful PCBs. SF6 gas under pressure is used as an insulator in gas insulated switchgear (GIS) because it has a much higher dielectric strength than air or dry nitrogen. The high dielectric strength is a result of the gas's high electronegativity and density. This property makes it possible to significantly reduce the size of electrical gear. This makes GIS more suitable for certain purposes such as indoor placement, as opposed to air-insulated electrical gear, which takes up considerably more room. Gas-insulated electrical gear is also more resistant to the effects of pollution and climate, as well as being more reliable in long-term operation because of its controlled operating environment. Exposure to an arc chemically breaks down SF 6 though most of the decomposition products tend to quickly re-form SF6, a process termed "self-healing".[9] Arcing or corona can produce disulfur decafluoride (S2F10), a highly toxic gas, with toxicity similar to phosgene. S2F10 was considered a potential chemical warfare agent in World War II because it does not produce lacrimation or skin irritation, thus providing little warning of exposure. SF6 is also commonly encountered as a high voltage dielectric in the high voltage supplies of particle accelerators, such as Van de Graaff generators and Pelletrons and high voltage transmission electron microscopes.
It's also worth pointing out that when an arc is drawn in SF6 it breaks it down into SF4 and SF2. SF4 is an even better insulator than SF6 and helps to extinguish the arc faster. You might ask why not just fill them with SF4? The reason is SF4 is deadly to life, unlike SF6. After the arc is extinguished the SF2 and SF4 recombine to SF6 and therefore the poisonous SF4 doesn't hang around.
Pretty sure this guy keeps McMaster Carr in business. And I love that he doesn't have a mass spectrometer, not because he hasn't bought one yet, but because he hasn't BUILT one yet. Engineers are the best people.
@Jake Biddlecome it is, but he doesn't even get that much from them
I tired to order some special project parts from McMaster Carr "we only sells to businesses", um, ok, ToysAreForboys Inc., boom, shippped. Weird company.
I know I'm taking this too literally, but you've clearly never seen an engineer ordering from McMaster, my friend one time ordered $5k of small machine screws from them for the company they work for.
Man I spend thousands a week at McMaster.
So in your head, behind the scenes, you envision him playing a grand organ with an evil laugh for every successful piece he plays where someone walks in with his back turned towards them.
Finally someone who mentions buoyancy when doing precise measurements!
This is why a kilogram of metal (or stones) is indeed heavier than a kilogram of cotton (or feathers) in atmospheric conditions.
@Scottys Glass 101 "one must close those doors to exclude air currents and thus eliminate buoyancy". I thought that it would be so that air currents don't exert downward pressure or lift on the weighing pan / substance. It was my understanding of buoyancy that it is to do with a density differential rather than the turbulence of a fluid?
062mnbc¢
Even in a vacuum chamber 1kg of metal (iron) will be slightly heavier than a 1kg bag of feathers, because center of mass is a bit closer to the earth.
@XtreeM FaiL But that effect is like 1% difference in weight per 25 km.
For the 25 cm of height difference the kg of iron will be something like 0.00001% heavier, lol! That's a few magnitudes less than buoyancy.
sasja de vries. I know (not the exact numbers), but it is still a difference.
It is not measurable, but still.
The syringe getting lighter when pulled out is so cool! I teach high school physics, hopefully I remember it the next time I teach gas physics because that'll be a great little riddle ☺️
Cody'sLab has a video on the same phenomenon, but he demonstrated it by weighing a metal cube (IIRC) at ground level and on an airplane at cruising altitude.
Wouldn’t the extra weight be caused by more air weighing on the syringe when it’s extended?
Notice the beauty of metric units makes this fact immeditately obvious in numbers. That should silence a few of those yanks who still use those silly imperial units.
It is customary to correct for the effect of buoyancy on weight measurements, for instance when a quantity of a liquid is weighed in order to know precisely its volume or density in the lab. Nice to see you mentioning and illustrating this not very much known fact. Also, this very effect makes any balance that measures force to be accurate only if the density of the stuff weighed is the same of the calibration weight; a commonly forgotten (and seldom corrected for) issue.
@Mark Roduner it doesn't have to be
E tvnews
Notice that the beauty of metric units makes this fact immeditately obvious in numbers. And makes those 4% of the worlds population that still use that crap pretty stupid looking. And if that wasn't enough, those 4% of the worlds population enforce their stupid unit system on the rest of the world!
@Mark Roduner Old comment, I know, but I felt that no replies quite explained it fully. It's not that it needs to be less dense than the atmosphere, but less dense than the steel. 1kg of feathers displaces more air than 1kg of steel, meaning that in the atmosphere of the earth it weighs less.
The only time it matters if it's less dense than the atmosphere is if it makes the net weight negative, like with a helium balloon. The lift (negative weight) of the helium is larger than the weight of the rubber, so it floats.
@mojoblues66 nobody cares moron
on a side note, it's interesting to see that sneakers literally fall apart on their own after some time.
The glues, the rubber seems to disintegrate ... due to out-gassing of those materials it seems.
I had to ditch my trusty hiking boots last year because all the rubber just fell apart over one winter (1991-2018 RIP). The leather and fabric were quite OK.
You've never owned a house? Lol, everything falls apart given enough time :)
@Bill McGonigle why did you not have new soles installed? I've had the soles on my hiking boots replaced multiple times
oxidation?
See you next time, bye. Hahahaha.
LMAO.
I always thought tennis balls lost their bounciness because the dog chewed them.
7:07 "... since I have built one of those yet...." Looking forward to that video!
The “pulling a vacuum changes the weight of the system” thing blew my mind. Thanks
i think i learned more in this 20 minutes than i did in the whole of my high school chem class...
The buoyancy of the vacuum in the syringe kinda blew my mind. Neat stuff.
same, i started thinking about having my shoes filled with vacuum instead of SF6 haha
You sound like Cody at the end :) Would be fun to see a collab with him
Cody is already doing co's - watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCL9xJtksKM (Sulfur Hexafluoride Inside Sisters Violin)
- and I totally agree, however I fear it could end up being a 'Laurel and Hardy'/Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde ting
Have you seen his latest video?
"It's literally true" is my new favorite quote xD
Great vid! Cody broke in to your lab at the end there though, I'd get better locks :3
Could this be tested in mountain bike suspensions? It would be interesting to feel the difference
As always, very interesting and for the most part, way over my head. 😁
Thanks for sharing. 👍
So, you could use different gases in bicycle fork with air spring and get different characteristics? I wonder how noticeable the difference would be.
People actually do that with dirt bike suspension. They'll fill it with either argon or nitrogen, I can't remember which one but, the suspension performs better with it in over just compressed air.
@Tristan Mienert It is filled will N or Ar because they are inert, have no O2, and are larger than H and O2, expands at a constant rate vs air, higher density, and they have less water.
KAPTN KAROTCAKE nitrogen is commonly used. I think the benefit of being dry is the reason why. Dry nitrogen eliminates condensation that occurs when compressing air
Nitrogen filled tyres is a thing
Ryan Malin it reduces cavitation of the shock oil at higher temperatures I believe
that laugh at the end, made my day <3
I see you have a model s on slicks..... Care to explain??!?
Good eye. Indeed, it is a kid's model S, which looks amazingly like the real thing. I've been working on a motor upgrade, with the goal of doing a video on "engineered acceleration." There are lots of videos on horsepower and torque, but I thought it would be fun to start with an acceleration requirement (eg 1g acceleration for 1 second), and work out what kind of drive system the vehicle would need. I found some very sticky go-kart tires that fit the toy car body size perfectly.
Applied Science sounds awesome! Is that the next video in the pipeline?
I can't wait to see that.
@Carl Groover: I saw the hub caps but I was so focused on the floor, that I didn't see the car! I had to go back to the video, after I saw your comment :-)
@Applied Science Yarr! Look at the tiny hubcabs :D
You have probably already have been asked, but what education do you have? You hit about every fascinating topic I have an interest in. I'm currently in school pursuing a degree in electrical engineering. I want to know what path you took in your pursuit of an education.
@VejyMonsta An excellent post that contains the most important advice for life in general. Never stop being curious.
@Applied Science - My thoughts exactly. It's all about your willingness to learn, commitment to the work, constant learning and experimentation, AND how you spend your free time. Of course there's balance and you need to do other things, but if you only think about engineering and science while you're getting paid for it, don't expect to excel at it the same way others do. I have better equipment and instrumentation at home than I do at work.
Applied Science For myself the most valuable aspect of college and university (Santa Fe CC, Univ. of Florida, Univ. of Central Florida) was the opportunity to take many classes on a wide variety of subjects that had absolutely nothing whatsoever to do with my major. Interestingly, the most eye opening and valued course I ever took was an Anthropology course by professor Stuart Mcray at SFCC (or some such spelling, that was 30 years ago, I remember the name but not the spelling, lol!) — it fundamentally altered how I view humanity and how I perceive our own, as well as other, civilizations.
Ethan Poole for me the best parts about graduate education were: 1. taught me the value of the scientific method and the patience to use it, and 2. allows me to have a good paying day job to finance my crazy scientist experiments in the basement. Like the Farnsworth-Hirsch-Meeks fusor.
I think that for a lot of people they will learn a lot more in a short time going to university than not going to university. Engineering and science absolutely require some basic knowledge of math and physical concepts, and spending a few years in college studying these concepts is (in my opinion) a more systematic way of acquiring this knowledge than trying to do it all on your own for the vast majority of people. The degree itself may not prove anything or matter too much. But I think it is easier and faster to learn the math and physics by attending a university for most people. Electrical engineering, especially LaPlace, Fourier and electromagnetic waves is not easy to do on your own. One danger with taking advice from people like Ben is that he is exceptional. If you are similarly exceptional, then his advice may apply to you, but if you are more average, then it may not. He may not even realize that other people can't do what he can do. I work as an electrical engineer (I design electronics circuits for mass-produced items). I feel that going to college was critical to learning how to do what I do, and I often find that engineers who didn't go to college lack grounding in the fundamentals that makes it harder for them to solve problems. I am speaking of average people. Not people like Ben. Don't just attribute this to "hero worship" as that is not something I do. It is just objectively true that most people do not have the right set of skills and personality traits and resources to do the things that Ben does for enjoyment.
I really liked your explanation of the relation between chemical bonds, heat and elasticity
edit: Damn, that outro laugh will haunt me for few days.
Right. "When a body is placed in a fluid. . ." even if the displaced fluid is air. Cool!
Argon has 3 degrees of freedom: 3 translational, 0 rotational.
Nitrogen has 5 degrees of freedom: 3 translational, 2 rotational; plus 1 vibrational mode (at higher temperatures).
SF6 has 6 degrees of freedom: 3 translational, 3 rotational; plus several lower energy vibrational modes (accessible at lower temperatures then nitrogen).
@Tyler It is true, its being remade in Unreal Engine with modern graphics and all that jazz. Sorry for bothering you if you aren't a big fan, I just assumed from your profile picture lol.
@Blox117 I am, but I am just not confident that it will be released anytime soon, or that it will even be finished; though I hope it will be.
@uploadJ for us to see a vibrational mode it has to be asymmetric because in IR are detecting the change in dipole moment.
Tyler Durden In fact you can do just that. The degrees of freedom of a molecule are independent motions of the atoms and for a molecule with N atoms there are 3N degrees of freedom of atomic motion. However, SF6 has 21 degrees of freedom not 24 and 15 of these are vibrational degrees of freedom. To a first approximation these are the normal (pure) modes of vibration which can be excited independently of each other. It’s a simple matter to deduce what these look like and draw pictures of them using group theory. In reality the vibrational modes are weakly coupled together to varying extents, depending on their symmetry. This results in the real (mixed) vibrational modes. However, there are still 15 vibrational degrees of freedom, they are just not “quite” the same as the pure normal modes.
I believe room temp sf6 is 21 dof with 15 vibrational dof
How much did those untouched vintage tennis balls cost? This seems to have been an expensive test for you!
Deductible as "expenses" ...
All his tests seem expensive
Would you please do a video on graphene chemical vapor deposition?
i would like to do this at home
The funny thing is that the labs who do this just just the CVD furnaces for making diamonds, but they just change the gases and setting. Simply said: if you try to make CVD diamonds and you fail, you will probably get graphene.
@nightmarethunderfist CVD is a method of depositing thin films of materials by passing a precursor gas over a hot surface to deposit a layer of material. For example trimethyl aluminium (TMA) decomposes on hot surfaces leave a film of aluminium. TMA is a precursor of aluminium. To make graphene, a carbon precursor would be needed and the substrate and process conditions would need to encourage the formation of graphene rather than amorphous carbon or diamond.
Lots of material on this already
@John Auld yeah but the question is how to arrange each carbon to a graphene structure
Oh man that was an awesome video; great explanations, theory and a tiny dose of humor. Made me smile.
That was a true moment of science. Thank you.
I always feel like I learn something every time I watch one of your videos.
Cool, very interesting topic. Keep up the great job:) ☮🐱
"Normally you would use a mass spectrometer, but since I haven't built one yet..........."
Haha that was funny! And very interesting, thanks Ben! Happy to see you again!
Your content is amazing and you're a great presenter. Thank you.
Love this video! Thanks for putting in all that effort for us!
The Thought Emporium - 2019-07-04
That was fascinating! I knew sf6 was a good insulator for highvoltage but had no idea it had all these other interesting properties.
My favorite bit "I haven't built a mass spectrometer *yet*"
Paul Freedman - 2020-02-28
Have you watched Tech Ingredients yet? That is another absolutely fabulous channel, a university professor engaging in all sorts of advanced experiments and inventions.
Paul Freedman - 2020-02-28
@Jos Heidemann LOL, I'm sure the guy is very smart, but a setup of LIGO caliber will require a huge cash injection.
Niles Black - 2020-04-07
Well everyone, I have some good news!
Jeremy Zimmerman - 2020-08-22
@Applied Science Ahh yes, your typical weekend mass spectrometer build. I mean by now, who hasn't? But for real, just found your channel, and it's brilliant. Thanks for helping people stay curious and learn. These days it's especially priceless.
buddy guy - 2020-11-12
ya but his home made electron microscope lol