> meca > systèmes-mécaniques > the-counterintuitive-physics-of-turning-a-bike-minutephysics

The Counterintuitive Physics of Turning a Bike

minutephysics - 2015-07-15

Thanks to http://www.harrys.com for sponsoring this video – use offer code MinutePhysics for $5 off your first purchase

A HUGE thanks to Michael Aranda for aerial and slow motion photography and Wren Weichman (@wrenthereaper) for helping with the 3D bike animation.

Bike references mainly from:

http://bicycle.tudelft.nl/schwab/Bicycle/

Music by Nathaniel Schroeder http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder

And thanks to the following Patreon supporters:

Today I Found Out
Jeff Straathof
Avi Yashchin
Mark 
Jeremy Cummings
Wes Brown
John Green
Rafael Ferreira Luciano
Florian Philipp
Rens van der Heijden
Risa Galant
Ricky Shields
Kristina Foss
PetWolverine 
Trent Sutherland
Ian Foote
Eszter Szikora
Tasso Kostalas (MavericSun)
Amandeep Hayer
Abraão Caldas
Eric Ma
Conner Fissell
Bob Bolch
Daniel Ametsreiter
Joël Quenneville
Richard Pearson
David Dailey
Steven Mulder
Karim 
Ryan Kyle
William Ricketts
Collin Mandris
Jonathan Foster
Siddharth Sadanand
Robby Olivam
Alan Browning
Jonathan Piersa
Jake Stolhandske
Julia Person
James Craver
Sarah Chavis
Yonatan Bisk
Richard Campbell
Richie Swift
Chris Barrett
Jan Amza
Christopher Coleman
David Tebbe
Kelvin Dueck
Daniel “YoureDown” Breger
Hendrik Payer
Greck Cannon
Chris Peters
Landy Manderson
Lewis Goddard
Seamus Campbell
Greg 
Holger R.
Austin Keller
Alejandro Medrano Gil
Prof Stick
Cora Toner
Chris Thompson
Alan Lam
Andrew Collings
Mike McHargue
Nicholas Buckendorf
Blair Bradimore
Michael Biot
nir lifshitz
Nicholas Carroll
Edwin Zea
Diana Dial
Mitch Etzkin
Lightbow 
Dante Santos
Mathias Westad Larssen
Tom Headley
Michael K
Geoff Wallace
Fredrik Samuelsson
Melissa Harkins
Jason Talley
Keith Marrocco
Maarten Bremer
Eric Laberge
Lacey Larson
Neil Ramroop
Matthew Norton
Efe Efevich
Mark 
Donal Botkin
Sylvan Ruud
Daniel Friesen
Philipi Adolfo Willemann
Jeffrey McCullough
Oddgeir 
Ann 
Brendon Davis
Filip 
Christopher Jimenez
Michel Payette
Juha Niittynen
Jeff Ross
Viktor Liljeblad
Robert E DeLapp
Sean Linsley
Christopher O’Neal
Marcus 
Philip Freeman
Matthew Heermann
Marsha Woerner
Daniel Yip
Matt K
William Pearson
Kevin Lynch
Nick Ward
Kevin 
john eriksson
Allan Farrell
Tobias Olesen
Chris Chapin
Michael Keefe
Jon Mann
Bert 
Joji Wata
Adam Naber
Rob Ibsen
Jacob Gumpert
Peter Collier
Andi Davis
Raymond Cason
Evan Gale
Paul 
Tori McClanahan
Dominik 
Danilo Metzger
Christian Altenhofen
Roy Morgan
Olivia Darroch
Amber Ciarvella
ryan horlacher
Keith Chang
Janel Christensen
Will Scherer
Mike Fulcher
Larom Lancaster
John Harman
Matt 
Christos Papandreou
Fernando Pazin
Jason Medrano
Andrew Barnett
Katharina Schuchmann
John Gietzen
Michael Tardibuono
Matthew Hebert
Pierre-Louis Bourgeois
Genevieve Lawrence
Brian D’Agostini
Chris 
Dominik Menzi
Ryan A. Schauer
Daniel Johnson
Nico Houbraken
Michael Carr
Ragnhild 
Elizabeth Meisterling
Lysann Schlegel
Magnus Krokstad
Owain Blackwood
Russ Arrell
Maarten Daalder
Brenden Bullock
Mark Samberg
Tina Johnston
Mike Cochrane
Tom Murphy
Peter L
Jeff 
Erica Pratt
David 
Artur Szczypta
David Drueding
Nicklas Ulvnäs
Nigel W
James Nelson
Mary Foster-Smith
Clayton Neff
Michael Merino
Jason and Gayle Corfman
Mihaly Barasz
Steven Klurfeld
Richard Bairwell
Tamas Bartal
Erven 
Justin Prahl
Michael Maitlen
Hans van Staveren
Kasey 
Karlin Nazario
Marie Conrad
Jacques LABBÉ
Geralyn Byers
jason black
Candice Blodgett
Daniel Gibbs
Henry Berthelsen
Andy Kittner
Steve Hall
Rob Snyder
John Kelly
Jessica Rosenstein
Bill Tomiyasu
Vasco Simões
Simon Hammersley
iain 
Holger 
Alexis Carpenter
Jay Goodman
Joseph Perry
Mark Govea
Eduardo Rampelotto Gatto Created by Henry Reich

xisumavoid - 2015-07-17

Next time i got for a cycle im gonna play close attention to my turning as Ive never noticed this before, its mostly subconscious i guess but thinking about it i probably do steer slightly to the other direction first.

ThePix - 2015-09-29

+Savannah Ora nice spam

love Caleigh Jeanine - 2019-09-01

@Sai Prashanth LOL, ikr. He's my 2nd fav Hermitcraft player (behind Grian)

Fremy - 2020-10-24

Wait, Xisuma spotted 5 years later

Arata Kenshi - 2020-11-17

@Fremy same. i wonder if he had trouble turning a bike just like us..

Splash Boy - 2021-08-05

@Arata Kenshi i found the rare pre fame xisuma comment

Chanasak Mahankarat - 2015-07-15

Now I forgot how to ride a bike...

Cz.yTechNO MN - 2020-11-29

i have been riding for 15 years and i forgot how to turn bicycle

Owen Nora - 2020-12-02

I saw another explaination of bicycle. But it was different method. I can't realized that. Please help me.

breezelow unknown - 2021-05-02

This is a serious deception, never do you think to turn right and then steer left. Choose your direction, lean that direction then steer that direction, steer never initiates a turn, a turn is initiated by LEAN, then steer the direction of the lean (turn). It is easy to make people believe they are steering opposite when that never even happens by claiming "you just can't see it". The proof is the video of the guy steering in figure 8's without touching the handlebars, he ONLY LEANS, no steering opposite.

DumbledoreMcCracken - 2021-08-16

@breezelow unknown you are deluded

breezelow unknown - 2021-08-16

@DumbledoreMcCracken I don't think that is an argument, just a false name-calling, so I can't make a counterpoint.

I’m not a furry i swear - 2018-05-11

When i go straight in a bike i feel calm
but when i take a turn i start to panic

Atharv Kashyap - 2020-11-15

I think u mean kalm and panik

ashi_us - 2021-01-30

SAME

Christopher Damian - 2021-03-27

yeah my bike like a girrafe neck doing zig zag but it just grows and make a sharp-smooth turn

A3R~Mewtwoッ - 2021-05-23

i got a bmx...does this work as well as a normal bike

DoublePups - 2021-06-18

@A3R~Mewtwoッ yep physics applies the same on all bikes

cHaMp - 2015-07-15

i used to be able to ride a bike now after watching this i keep crashing

Aethel Wolfe - 2021-06-07

Focus on the weight of pressure you put on your pedals and bars and turn with your hips not your handle bars.

Cuban Rider - 2015-07-15

Cool video. I learned the concept when I got my motorcycle. In the classroom it didn't make sense, but out practicing it all came together. That's how you start to steer a motorcycle, specially a heavy one or when going fast; all the leaning in the world will not get the bike to turn.

Xzqwerty2324zX - 2015-07-15

biking feels so natural, i dont even remember doing any of this

Darth Griffin - 2019-04-04

Xzqwerty2324zX I know it’s 3 years late but I agree so much. Biking is like a fifth limb.

Darayat - 2020-04-08

@Darth Griffin i know this is 1 year late, but biking is like in our blood. in fact, if you watch videos of a 'backwards bicycle', youll see its hard to ride one. go check it out.

Darth Griffin - 2020-04-08

Darayat Neato, I will look that up, thanks!

rupinder's curry pot - 2020-05-03

@Darayat muscle memory

NE One Here From - 2021-04-14

You don’t even need to use the handlebars.

I ride hands free for miles at a time even with turns. Lol

Ace12GA - 2015-07-15

The really odd phenomenon is adults learning to ride a motorcycle. Despite knowing how to ride a bicycle, and how that bicycle turns, at least subconsciously, you need to teach an adult how to turn a motorcycle. For some reason many adults will fight with the notion of counter steering a motorcycle, which is compounded once they learn to lean into turns, and are actually required to steer into the turn to keep the turn on the correct radius.

One of the aspects of riding a motorcycle I particularly enjoy is finding that balance point in a long sweeping curve between shifting my body mass and keeping my steering input neutral.

Crackadackas - 2015-07-15

@Ace12GA This. It's always wild to see adults, especially those who have ridden bicycles for years, have to try to reconcile the fact that all their low speed experience and intuitions on a light weight thin tired vehicle has taught them nothing about what you need to do to make a heavier two wheeled vehicle initiate and tighten up a turn. Then inevitably they try to "just lean it through the turn," run wide, grab a handful of front brake and have an awful time.


@dontknowdontcare Have you ever had to dodge road debris on the highway? Without using countersteering you're putting yourself at the whim of whether or not you're riding a line that'll hit it. Obviously tons of people cruise around that way with no skills to get them out of a jam, hence the high single vehicle accident rate among motorcyclists, particularly unlicensed ones, but I hardly think you're doing yourself a service by not knowing some shit that'll possibly save your life.

Woz Berry - 2015-07-15

@dontknowdontcare You don't turn the handlebar as violently as shown in the video at high speeds. But you MUST countersteer at high speeds in order to get the bike leaned over so you can actually turn.

codediporpal - 2015-07-16

@dontknowdontcare If you have to dodge something at high speed, pushing the handle bars is the only way. Strong push on one handle side to turn sharp, then strong push on the other side to re-straighten. Best practiced on a road with no traffic of course.

epiphonesg007 - 2015-10-02

+dontknowdontcare
wrong. look up twist of the wrist

SoulGuitarMetal - 2017-07-19

More odd is learning basic balancing as an adult. I learned to ride a motorcycle without ever riding a bike. Moreover only touched it in the driver school until I got a license. It was fun...

morgengabe1 - 2015-07-18

48 seconds in and almost certain that I'm going to crash next time I ride my bike to work.

Trevader - 2015-07-16

I pretty much just lean slightly in the direction I want to go, and that works really well

Anthony Bajdek - 2015-07-19

You learn this in motorcycle safety and certification class. What this video fails to mention is the speed factor. At very low speeds this concept is not as dramatic. You feel like you are just turning the handlebars to turn. And you are. The concept still applies, you just don't sense it. At high speeds, like on a motorcycle, the concept is very noticeable. You are taught to "press" the handlebars in the direction you want to turn to start the bike leaning. Your body will then lean with the bike, you will go around the curve, and then straighten up as you come out of it. The more you ride, the less you think about it, and it just becomes a natural "instinct". But if you think about it when you do it, it is fascinating. Can't really appreciate the full concept until you are going 80 mph on the highway into a curve on a motorcycle. It is exhilerating to say the least!!!

Big Boss - 2015-07-25

Great work, MinutePhysics! Love your videos. Don't listen to the others who say you did a terrible job. I get that they're talking about leaning first instead of turning first like you did, but you still taught me about bicycle physics.

Matthew Levin - 2015-07-15

I didn't used to be very interested in physics, but these videos made me love it. Thank you!

PinkChucky15 - 2015-07-16

Great video, I'll keep it in mind when I start riding bikes again :-)

Abster1911 - 2015-07-15

So much science in such a simple action! Brilliant!

John Daltrocanto - 2016-06-15

I finally found a video to explain my friends countersteering, i tried to tell them that physics will always be right but they couldn't get rid of the fact that turning right actually means turning left

Sabasanosis - 2015-07-15

Wait I've always just turn it the direction i was going and lean to stabilize it.  I'm even trying to rack my brain remembering instances that i did sometime like what was mention in the video for any reason other than some simple fun.  I'm confused, this is intuitive.  We even walk the same way, simply shifting our weight the direction we want to go.

Aliensinnoh - 2015-07-15

@TeamLaughOutLoud So I have I.

PandorasBox - 2015-07-15

@TeamLaughOutLoud Yeah if you lean actively it is intuitive. However the video describes how if you don't force the bike to lean in a direction steering right makes you actually turn left.

littlestworkshop - 2015-07-15

@TeamLaughOutLoud I recommend trying it, with reasonable speed push one hand forwards, the wheel will go one way and you will lean the other, you can instigate very quick turns like this. Even if you "just lean" you will probably be doing mild counter steering without even knowing it, your brain just picked it up.

rato___ - 2015-07-15

@TeamLaughOutLoud you have to turn in the opposite direction if you didnt make any effort to lean your body

SteelSkin667 - 2015-07-17

@TeamLaughOutLoud Actually the initial counter-intuitive handlebar turn is done pretty much involuntarily when trying to keep balance when leaning. You don't actively turn the thing in the opposite direction, it just... happens.

Ana Mendez - 2015-07-22

I was never conscious of how to turn on on a bike. After so many years, one never stops learning. Thanks.

Frog House - 2015-07-15

this is right only if you use the handlebars like some kind of bicycle noob

Akhil km - 2016-08-06

its simple if you want to go right turn left. u want to go left turn right

NOVA NEBULA - 2017-08-01

+Yue Wu Same

bubmah axr - 2018-01-13

Yue Wu by simply getting your bike into position a bit on left lane you can maneuver sharply to the right. this way is much smoother driving than staying in right lane and the steer hard while leaning to the right then fall on your knees or goes too wide when maneuver.

Greggers Grunderson - 2019-09-03

You're right! I actually took the handle bars off my bike. I removed the seat too. I ride with the seat post 8 inches up my ass and that way I don't notice that I can't steer..... fucking dumbass.

Meade Helios - 2019-11-30

yea id like seeing you going through a turn fast without your hands on the handlebars

909kiddz4u - 2015-07-16

This was a really interesting video :) It's nice to know what I'm not thinking about because now I can think about it! Good video

Arejm7 - 2015-07-18

I tried this outside my house, and I was going really fast then when I turned the handlebars instead of leaning I almost made a front flip with the bike and now I can't walk, now where do I sue Henry?

Xenro66 - 2015-07-15

Yeah, I'm pretty sure that anyone who rides bikes competently doesn't steer first, and allow the bike to try to throw you off. That's the fastest way for your face to get personal with the ground.

TakeoFR - 2015-07-20

I find this quite intuitive - I'm probably too much used in how physics work

Eric Fung - 2015-07-15

This is a really cool! If only cycling in Wii works like that <3

RC-1290 - 2015-07-15

The inversed steering trick is something I experimented with on long dull trips. It is only really a thing when you don't touch the handlebar and give it a tap. Otherwise you just lean first.

The handlebars are more for precision adjustments

Roop Pal - 2015-07-15

I personally find the physics of bikes fascinating... so I, for one, adore these recent videos! Thanks so much! :)

sumit kc - 2015-07-24

thank you!!...really agree with logic...this will really help for some one, who's just into learning bikes..!!

Jason Goodman - 2015-07-15

When I was a kid, my brother and I went on a vacation where we rode 3-wheeler ATVs for a week.  (This was back when 3-wheelers were common.)  When we got home, we had a big argument about how to ride a bike: I said they worked the way the video says; he (like most of the people commenting here) said they worked just like an ATV, you turn the handlebar in the direction you want to turn.  "Here, I'll prove it", he said.  He got on his bike, headed for a sharp turn in the road, and drove straight off the road and smashed into a tree.

Bikes don't work the way you think they work.

Vaibhav Tipnis - 2015-07-16

Wright Brothers' explanation on this - 
"I have asked dozens of bicycle riders how they turn to the left. I have never found a single person who stated all the facts correctly when first asked. They almost invariably said that to turn to the left, they turned the handlebar to the left and as a result made a turn to the left. But on further questioning them, some would agree that they first turned the handlebar a little to the right, and then as the machine inclined to the left, they turned the handlebar to the left and as a result made the circle, inclining inward."

LimeGreenTeknii - 2015-07-19

I remember reading about this in a book called The Design of Everyday Things!

Allan Thorne - 2015-07-22

I've done that my entire childhood, and never noticed it, I thought I was just leaning right or left to turn....

NetAndyCz - 2021-07-18

I never knew I am supposed to turn the opposite way, I just leaned in the way I wanted to go and coordinated it with turning in the same direction.

Roonco SP - 2015-07-15

I hope I'm not the only one who wants to grab a bike and try this (and the "let a bike keep itself up" thing from 2 weeks ago).

Eqvaliser - 2015-07-26

Since i saw this video, i went out biking several times over the last three days.
Not a single time did i "counter-steer" before turning, i only lean and turn into the circle.

In the real world, you can't counter-steer before turning, usually because there is traffic around you, or next to you. Also it gives the wrong impressions to cars and then you die which = having a #badday.

Even the in the tour de france which is ongoing right now, they just lean and turn.

Counter steering at speed makes it even worse, because the momentum forward and a steering wheel angled, then flipped/turned to the opposite angle = having a bad day, you might end up braking hard, or loosing your balance and going over the handlebars.

But sure, when playing around on a parking-lot, or doing acrobatics on a bike you do this when you want to keep the most upright position possible. Average bikers dont.

Broockle - 2015-07-19

also they balance perfectly because of magic!
^^

MarcLloydz - 2015-11-20

i wished they explained counter steering bit more and how everything you do happens without thinking about it and comes out naturally.

Jammy De - 2015-07-15

You do love your bikes. Respect =)

Justin Langendoen - 2015-07-15

It's really cool how you work at perimeter. How did you end up there?

IstasPumaNevada - 2015-07-17

I understood everything you said, it makes complete sense, I've ridden a bicycle since young, and yet it's still wild to think about. :)

remixyourface - 2017-10-03

That made lots of sense. Thank you!

namelesss - 2015-07-15

Como quisiera que hicieran una versión de estos videos en español :'v

clumpymold - 2015-07-15

This definitely applies when I'm on my motorcycle and going fairly fast. I don't notice it as much when I'm going slower (both on my bicycle and on my motorcycle).

Xiao's Channel - 2015-07-15

Whoa. I do this subconsciously!!! I'm curious how was I able to figure out that's the way to go without learning all this.

Arun Krishnan - 2015-07-15

Kay, this is blowing my mind. If I keep thinking about this, I might lose the ability to ride a bike....

THINKMACHINE - 2015-07-16

I always turn when riding a bike by leaning the way I want to go and guiding/controlling how much the front wheel turns in reaction. The only times I turn the handlebars in any other direction aside from where I want to go is when my speed is near-zero and I need to do so to keep balanced; which is almost never since if I'm going that slow I might as well get off the bike.

Akhil km - 2016-08-06

OMG! all these years i have been riding the wrong way.thanks for the video

Kmortisk - 2015-07-15

Good luck learning to ride a bike based solely on the theory. :D

pcuimac - 2015-07-16

Love it! Very good video!

Poyntlesss - 2015-07-16

This actually does a really good job at explaining why its so darn hard to learn how to ride a bike.
It also explains that phenomenon when you are about to fall off the edge of something while riding, but you can't just steer away from it and end up falling in anyway, you try to turn away, your weight shifts, and you then only are able to turn off that edge.

jpopelish - 2015-07-16

Thank you for this clear demonstration.  I taught several kids to ride, in a very short period of time, by showing them this not so intuitive process.  It also works when you are running.  To turn suddenly right, you have to put your left foot out to the side and push off it.  Same with the front wheel of a bike.  People say they just lean to the right, but that is not possible, if you start out perfectly balanced.  Try it.  Balance with one foot right in front of the other, so you can't push off to one side.  Then try to lean, suddenly, to one side.  You just bend in the middle.

Entraya Crosshill - 2015-07-15

Its strange how one can intuitively do these things and then feel puzzled about it afterwards. I have never thought about this