Applied Science - 2018-04-02
Spraying water onto a piece of glass will create plasma (no, really!). https://authors.library.caltech.edu/83266/4/PNAS-2017-Gharib-12657-62.pdf http://www.pnas.org/content/suppl/2017/11/15/1712717114.DCSupplemental Hydraulic power unit eg: https://www.ebay.com/p/110v-Electric-Manual-Valve-Hydraulic-Pump-10000psi-Industrial-Supply/803674117?iid=182542644055 Hydraulic ram: https://www.ebay.com/itm/20-tons-4-stroke-Single-Acting-Hydraulic-Cylinder-10000PSI-Jack-Ram-YG-20100/322196831537 Sapphire orifice: https://www.accustream.com/waterjet-parts/accustream/accustream-orifices-nozzles/ruby-diamond-orifices/11007-XXX.html 150K psi gauge was found on eBay after a very long search. Rare! Support Applied Science videos: https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience
Is this similar to the "barometer light" produced by mercury on glass?
@wbeaty you're still on YouTube? Your videos were my first ever delve into the science part of YouTube. (:
@Andrzej Samorzewski - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometric_light
Victor shauberger discovered a river will produce voltage when it changes direction.
@Applied Science Actually I do get shocked by water sometiimes, after touching the faucet while holding the other hand under, and it happens more often to me than the regular kind.
can't be. mercury conducts so would short the effect.
Might be interesting to put a needle probe as close as you can to the "bend" in the water to see if you can measure the voltage
@Teresa Shinkansen It doesn't matter how many scammers are fawning over Pollack's water-physics discovery. The opinions of crackpots have no affect on funded, peer-reviewed research. (And notice also that crackpots quote cosmology papers if they support their crackpot theories, but that has no impact on the cosmologists! Anything else would be well-poisoning fallacy.)
> many of his published papers are published by Ebner & Sons
No, they're published in research journals. I look at Ebner & Sons and just see popular books. Do lit search on GH Pollack for journal articles.
> Were are the experiments
There's over a decade of experimental work. Pollack is a professor at UW, a cell biologist in human myo physiology, with a few hundred journal papers going back about 50 years. He's elderly and near retirement, so he can risk his remaining career in researching odd topics that for a younger scientist would threaten tenure. His published research in nanoscale water is very recent, only since 1999, starting with odd discoveries in subcellular physics of muscle cytology. (He even has a graduate level text on muscle cell biophysics, well before all the recent stuff.) Goog scholar search: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22gh+pollack%22+water&hl=en&as_sdt=1%2C48&as_vis=1&as_ylo=1999&as_yhi=2001 Then his breakthroughs start from 2003 or so, about "interfacial water" and the very odd ability of Nafion to act as seeds for inducing enormous regions of crystalline state in pure water. (I think they've got the EZ layers up to a scale of hundreds of cm. This isn't a phenomenon "close to" the gel layers like you think.) https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22gh+pollack%22+water&hl=en&as_sdt=1%2C48&as_vis=1&as_ylo=2003&as_yhi=2017 Those are mostly from chem and bio journals, but here's one physics paper https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.68.031408 To look for independent replications of all of Pollack's discoveries, just do citation searches.
> to my knowledge long wave IR microscopes don't exist yet.
Why not first try a google search: infrared microscopy, thermal imaging microscope? Or, you could write and ask Dr. Pollack which instrument was actually used. Or even call the UW bioengineering dept.
That sums it up, he got his PhD then made legitimate research for some decades he got an image of a respected researcher, then now that he is old and is going to retire why not harness that influence to get some $$$ by supporting quacks with pseudoscience. The fact that he worked on a paper that supports pseudoscience and that got sponsored by a company that sells products for somatid (somatids are make believe microorganisms invented by quack to sell snake oil) destruction confirms what i said. He is just getting some bucks. He surely did and still does legitimate research on bio engineering and publications, but his more recent ones aren't real science or at least a good chunk of them, no matter how many legit papers he made on his career. Im still not sure of much of his research, time will tell. Meanwhile ill try to get hold of some Nafion to try out some of the experiments myself.
On a bit related note, while searching about quackery i found out there are people who drinks solutions of chlorine dioxide to "cure" illnesses..... I cant believe it Im in shock i wonder if Im on a dream.
Quackery and health is like object and shadow. This is pretty much what the quack sites sell, but supposedly he isnt involved with them? it even has a patent! https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/can-water-cure-disease#/
I have to salute you both for this informative debate. If only people on the webz would have your attitude!
I agree that one's earlier success does not imply it further. Every great person had it's failures as well.
Teresa, thanks for researching and commenting the info here. Turns out that Dr Bollocks was invited to the House of Lords in the UK a few months ago to give a seminar with an ex Nobel Laureate Josephson, who coincidentally also ended up a crackpot.
https://bioe.uw.edu/gerald-pollack-to-join-nobel-laureates-to-present-seminar-before-uks-house-of-lords/
OMFG... I feel sick after reading the article where it's claimed the science lays credence to homeopathy.
Please try introducing a charge (- or + ) to the nozzle to see if potential diffrence makes any diffrence . Thank you
Perfluorocarbon would be interesting because it is a polar molecule and it has a high dielectric strength. 3M sells it under the name "Novec". Maybe the plasma formation will increase because of its high insulation capability. You could also try to use the FC40 Fluorinert from one of your videos.
Thats what i said! Fluorinert!
That would make a nice fuorinert fog in his workshop...... not sure if that is a good idea.
Not sure how easy it will be, but an enclosure that contains alle the mist from the high pressure atomisation action will be a good idea to complete before proceeding with other fluids.
Spam Spammesen FC-40 is non toxic and very inert. You can look it up in the safety datasheet from 3M. It can cary so much oxygen that a rat can breathe in the liquid. In the datasheet it says that it is not harmful if you breathe it in.
heppa filter vacuum.
Thanks for waiting for April 2nd to upload. Everyone else has been uploading videos I don't know weather I can trust or not. I knew I could always trust Applied Science!
Brendan Stanford you said in your original comment "Thanks for waiting for April 2nd to upload." But he lives on the west coast so he didn't wait, he uploaded it on April 1st.
It was the 2nd in the uk 9hrs ago and this vid says it it was published 2hrs ago. Aren't time zones great.
The fact is this was not an 1st April fool joke for some. Thats what make it even funnier 🐣
Elias Chair. I intended it to be obvious. Apparently it wasn't...
Brendan Stanford I'm in Denmark, I'm pretty sure that's east of you.
It says 1 april for me but I trust Ben Krasnow.
10cm a second? I think you are a bit off there. A spray bottle easily sprays one meter. Does that take 10 seconds?
Fester Blats
Good catch.
Try putting a fluorescent dye in the water. Shouldn't mess with the conductivity too much, but should glow a lot more
why would it glow more? the hypothesis is that the air is what creates the plasma light, not the water
The plasma would create UV light which would make the dye in the water glow.
Yes, glowing of fractured wintergreen Lifesavers is actually high-volt corona glow nitrogen/oxygen. Apparently all sugar candies do this. But wintergreen oil flares brilliant blue when hit by UV.
A simple solution to the oil mist problem is FIRE! FIRE fixes everything!
When in doubt; C4.
The world needs a 20,000psi flamethrower.
They even use fire to fix fire. The fire department will do controlled burns around brush fires and forest fires to pre-emptively destroy areas around the fire to prevent it from spreading. So yeah, fire fixes everything. Even fire.
@anonymic79 Punches a hole AND burns.
george forman grill will get the oil out.
When the plasma gets dimmer, does it go back to being brighter if you move it onto a spot that's already been abraded?
I'm wondering: as the water creates a pit in the surface, wouldn't the path of the water change from a 90 degree turn to something approaching a 180 degree turn? If the change in the water's path resulted in a shorter distance between the charges, would that result in the arcs becoming smaller and dimmer?
download333 I was going to post this exact thought but I saw it was already! I agree with your idea, the uneven surface is likely disrupting the deflection pattern that gives rise to the plasma effect.
I was just looking for this! Yes, it seems unlikely that charge depletion would happen at such a large timescale.
I was thinking the same thing. Maybe he could use a hard, non-conductive material like granite and film it from the other side. The plasma should still be visible though not as spectacularly.
@Deeparth Gupta The hardest component in granite is just quartz.
You could try hydrogen peroxide which is has a greater dipole moment than water. Also, you may shoot this in slow-motion to better understand this discharge phenomenon. I think that surface is etching away upon contact with water and forming a discontinuous section section like a crater, which is avoiding those sparks by increasing the gap between the glass surface and the air molecules(also, the charged material may be getting etched away, rather than getting accumulated so this explanation may be more apt). You may try harder materials like Ruby or Sapphire which should last longer.
Does it work with pure alcohol?
I was thinking this as well,. Although perhaps a significant fire hazard.
it would help clean up after the oil :-)
insanegammer109 You idiot! You’re supposed to drink alcohol, not ionize it! 😏
@Ben M... if it did generate a plasma ring then the alcohol would probably explode, given how atomised/air mixed the oil became
Lol no terrible idea.
Might the dimming effect be caused by the surface of the material losing its flatness, changing the way the water flows? Getting high speed footage of the phenomenon might shed some light on what's happening.
For another fluid to try, what about some other polar substances, like alcohols? Could also be interesting testing water of varying temperatures. Who knows, maybe the increased energy available to a stream of very hot water produces a brighter plasma?
This is a pretty tall order, but I'd love to know what the voltage across the plasma is. Maybe a bit of acrylic with a couple of pockets machined to hold probes could give us a rough idea?
Output Coupler
Heating and cooling the water would change its viscosity too. I wonder if near-freezing water would glow brighter.
I had a similar intuition about the flatness. I suspect the water begins to get trapped and reflect differently in tiny pockets as the material begins to erode and that interferes with the path the water takes
Does this explain the lightning made by the mantis shrimp when its throw it's jab in the water, it's not merely due to cavitation? 9:08 What about some 99% alcohol or other kind of volatile and different molecular density liquid as acetone?
acetone really annoys the shrimp :-)
+1 want to see with pure ethanol.
Yeah, I would be interested to see this done with liquids of higher vs lower dipole moments, maybe comparing acetone with DCM? Perhaps even a run using cryo-liquid-ammonia?
@Suraj Grewal no offense, but thunderfoot is also a self righteous contrarian
@gareth jones at least he keeps politics out of scientific researches.
Ferrofluid would be a interesting test to see if the magnetic fields could cause plasma to form
The plasma from the water jet could be manipulated with magnetic fields in the vicinity of the plasma - move it around, concentrate it, etc - like thin film growing plasma manipulation.
It is possible to make a colloid solution with particle size on the order of nanometers
I imagine a jet of that would become too abrasive to test on these materials though
battlekruiser
It might be possible, but if the particles are too small they become superparamagnetic rather than ferromagnetic.
If the particles are that small, they would become supermagnetic and completely lose their spontaneous magnitization
Imagine if TVs had to be made this way. :P
Add magnets, everything is better with magnets. Maybe something funny happens to the plasma in a magnetic field
Hahah, who would've thought the solid-looking bar would be the part that stops working first!? Cool video, as always!
"Today, we use Plasma Generator 5 million" ;-)
If I recall correctly, the Mantis Shrimp has the ability to create a faint blue plasma-flash in water.
I think it actually creates light through sonoluminescence, which is caused by imploding bubbles in a liquid. The wiki mentions the Mantis Shrimp at the bottom: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonoluminescence
That's cavitation. Plasma is created, but it's an entirely different phenomenon.
It turns out you can concentrate a bunch of stuff (like energy generally) very quickly by collapsing a sphere to a point. There are even researchers who suggest methods for starting a fusion reaction by cavitation.
It is static electricity from friction of movement in the water with other objects - there's soo much friction that it creates a plasma/static discharge
@Marci124 Correct. If you collapse a sphere of plutonium to a point it will give off some energy. Even a little plasma. Just don't stand too close to it.
:^]
This reminded me Sonoluminescence and some attempts to do "nuclear fusion" by generating sound waves in the water. Also I recalled video about another phenomenon, so called "Sticky tape X-rays" (glowing dot color looks very similar to glowing tape)... so now the most interesting question: are there any X-rays in that high speed jet of water experiment?
Pavlo Mur very similar to Sonarluminescence as they used aceton in that experiment which is has a similar molecule as water.
The sonar Atomises the liquid and creates a plasma.
I have beleved for over 20 years that this is how ball lightning is created.
Im kinda sure I could make an experiment that would create ball lightning the exact same way it is created in nature.
The X-Rays emitted by the tape was done in a full vacuum though. That'd be interesting to see him use the jet in a full vacuum and see if anything changes.
Seems like a vacuum could be expected to form at the location where the water hits the glass. It's going to displace a certain volume of air, which will take a finite amount of time to come back in.
That, in turn, makes me think "cavitation."
Not a "full vacuum" (whatever that is, because an absolute vacuum cannot exist and could not be made even if it could exist), and not even a hard vacuum. The sticky tape X-ray effect actually requires some gas and does not work in a hard vacuum.
Propylene Glycol sounds like an interesting option.
"Watts of energy*
"The smaller cylinder has more pressure"
Ok, you are pulling my leg
2:12 "Watts of energy" Didn't catch that while editing, did you? ;-)
Great video as always, keep up the good work!
Oh wow, that's some Genesis 1:7 , thanks.
Use heavy water, would that work?
You know it gets serious when a ~2" steel rod starts ballooning from pressure. But fun aside, I highly respect you for your genius and perfectly executed projects. Please keep it up and stay safe! Greetings from Germany, raBit.
Very interesting. What about liquid oxygen?
Air Command Rockets but how?
The thermal contraction and risk of explosion would make this impracticable. Oxygen is also an apolar molecule, and as seen with oil would not create plasma.
High pressures and rocket oxidizers. Sounds like a jolly good time.
Read the Wikipedia articles on Liquid Oxygen and Solid Oxygen. If you have access to really high pressures, you can have a lot of fun, even at room temperature.
No, liquid oxygen does not explode, as it's just an oxidizer. It causes other things to explode if you feed it fuel.
Can you also try that with Ethanol?
4:36 so would this effect not occur in a vacuum then?
This is amazing, thank you sir.
might be hard to pull it thorugh, but liquid metal and ionic liquids would be cool to see
Another example that we live in a Electric Universe. Great video, thanks!
Cavitation. Mantis shrimps' kill strike have the same effect, when the speed causes water cavitation.
Extremely interesting thank you
Your smile is contagious; I was already smiling after reading the video title but that was very nice.
Thanks for these wonderful videos! I learn something new from almost each video you post!
You should try some alcohol, spirits and maybe even some completely conductive water just to test your theory
Awesome !!!
Never knew that
2:10 So, how much energy is in a wad of energy and how long is the jet of water?
So it's an arcing capacitor.
"This is not an April Fools joke"
"Published on 1 Apr 2018"
ಠ.ಠ
Even though the addition of salts seems to remove the effect; I wonder if propeller cavitation effects are in some way related.
Always a good day to see a notification from this channel.
Thank you for the 60fps!
All the non-jet shots were so buttery! It's easier on the eyes and feels like I'm really there, in the shop, with you.
Might be interesting to collect some emission spectra.
I've seen that rig in AvE's shop before! Lil' Screwy.
2:12 more like 57.6 watts (240²/2*0.002)
I always look forward to your videos, so much to ponder. I wonder if there in an interesting industrial application to this. Another way to generate electricity?
this is a very interesting find, perhaps it will lead to a great discovery someday, good luck, and stay curious.
Noah A - 2018-04-02
"there's something peculiar about water" is kind of an under statement isn't it?
Henri Ervasti - 2019-10-20
Yep, there's almost everything peculiar about water.