PBS Space Time - 2018-04-11
Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE It's OK to be Smart - Where Did Life Come From? https://youtu.be/_uAJY1mqtw4 Eons - What Was the Ancestor of Everything? https://youtu.be/pk213XSSktQ Our universe is prone to increasing disorder and chaos. So how did it generate the extreme complexity we see in life? Actually, the laws of physics themselves may demand it. You can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime Get your own Space Time t-shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBi Tweet at us! @pbsspacetime Facebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetime Email us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] com Comment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetime Help translate our videos! https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7g Previous Episode: The Unruh Effect https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cj6oiFDEXc How did life begin? We can seek the answer in the chemistry of the early earth, or in the biology of the first cell. In fact our friends at PBS Eons and It’s OK to be Smart will do just that in companion videos to this one. But we all know that chemistry and biology are just applied physics. So can we approach the question of the origin and the very nature of life from the point of view of physics? We’re sure going to try. Hosted and written by Matt O'Dowd Produced by Rusty Ward Graphics by Grayson Blackmon Assistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike Petrow and Linda Huang Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com) Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big Bang CoolAsCats David Nicklas Anton Lifshits Joey Redner Quasar Tambe Barsbay Mayank M. Mehrota Mars Yentur Mark Rosenthal Dean Fuqua Roman Pinchuk ColeslawPurdie Hypernova Edmund Fokschaner Matthew O’Connor Eugene Lawson Barry Hatfield Martha Hunt Joseph Salomone Chuck Zegar Jordan Young Ratfeast John Hofmann Craig Peterson Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: James Hughes Fabian Olesen Kris Fernet Jane Meyers James Flowers Greg Allen TJMadison Denys Ivanov Nick Virtue Alexey Eromenko Nicholas Rose Scott Gossett Mark Vasile Patrick Murray Sultan Alkhulaifi Alex Seto Michal-Peanut Karmi Erik Stein Kevin Warne JJ Bagnell J Rejc Avi Goldfinger John Pettit Florian Stinglmayr Benoit Pagé-Guitard Nathan Leniz Brandon Labonte David Crane Greg Weiss
2:30
"Your cells contain 6 billion base pairs of DNA"
There are hundreds of types of cells with DNA and you showed the one type (red blood cell) that doesn't have it.
I'm glad that I'm not the first one to notice it!
"Chemistry and Biology are just Applied Physics."
Ooooooooohhhhhhhh... BUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUURRRRRRNNN
@clearz we learn mathematics form observing the universe and its laws
Sujai Gorai I'm sorry but you are completely wrong. There is an entire body of Maths known as Pure Mathematics that is not based around any physics. This is not to say that Physicists won't find a use for some of the ideas coming from pure maths and this has happened in the past.
@Sujai Gorai Again wrong. We "learn" mathematics by choosing a set of first principles called axioms which we then use to build proofs from, which in turn can be used to build more proofs.
@clearz thank you...I understand
@Sujai Gorai Here is one of my favourite introduction to maths courses which you can check out on youtube. Each video is only 20-30 mins long and is very informative and concise. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZzHxk_TPOStgPtqRZ6KzmkUQBQ8TSWVX
This reminds me of a joke that I read online once:
A creationist was arguing that the evolution of species from simpler to more complex violated the second law of thermodynamics. They claimed that such a transformation would require a colossal input of outside energy.
I stayed up all night trying to think of what sort of energy source that could be.
...then it dawned on me. ;)
That joke is hilarious, but not in the way you meant it to be. Just applying raw energy does not complexity make. When was the last time you saw a fire freeze water into ice cubes? Everything still tends toward entropy, whether the system is open or closed. Notice how he said the only system that maintains low entropy is life. He did not say that any open system tends toward low entropy. I don’t want to defer to creationist authority, but this still might clear the topic up for you: https://creation.com/the-second-law-of-thermodynamics-answers-to-critics
BTW, evolution by natural selection does not violate this law, because of mutation. However, the origin of life DOES.
Well done!
@Brandon Witherspoon Energy is released to form chemical bonds which is what occurs in the formation of organisms. Consequently, thermal energy is released and then dissipates from a low-entropy state to a higher-entropy state, thus entropy has increased.
Thank you all for the replies. I'm not necessarily a creationist but that doesn't particularly matter at the moment. I understand that we increase entropy because we use energy and are a dissipative structure. However if you view dna as a system rather than an individual expression, than it seems interesting to me that the overall continuations of it continue to complexity rather than break down. I understand that this scenario doesn't exactly deal with the second law of thermodynamics but we are the most interesting and complex system that the wind down of energy has produced yet.
Here's a little physics joke, maybe. A neutron walked into a bar and asked, "How much for the gin and tonic?" The bartender smiled wryly and replyed, "For you, no charge." Well have a good day or evening everyone.
lol, good one. :-)
Soooo original.
But this bar was on one floor so there was no going between up and down.
Did you know that electrons have mass?
I didn't even know they were catholic!
Credits to TBBT
2:30
Talks about a cell's DNA
Shows a cell that has no DNA
Oh well at least the DNA is the right handedness XD
GiggitySam Entz
So Z-DNA doesn't exist ?
hahaha cool that someone notice it
I thought the same. Luckily he did not show a platelet
This happens more often than I expected.
So.. in the end... I really am an energy sink.
Dad was right.
"What is my purpose?"
"You dissipate energy."
... "Oh my god."
Marvel: "Avengers: Infinity War is the most ambitious crossover event in history?"
PBS Space Time, Eons, It's Okay To Be Smart: "GOGGLE UP!"
and vsauce
speaking of evolution and developing complexity... I really am loving this happening with the youtube nerd channels.
Here are some pixels that are attempting to evolve:
https://youtu.be/gaFKqOBTj9w
End game is out now so who cares
Ok, boomer.
2:38 You show a mature RED BLOOD CELL with DNA coming out of it, which technically contain no DNA only hemoglobin.
It is on the screen with the biologist. So it is a goof either way. Can't just say "it's a physics channel..."
So? I can photoshop a pic of N d Tyson in a Flat-Earther vid and call it "Tyson's goof" XD
Except that NDT was not part of your picture willingly. I am saying this was an editing mistake and should have been run by all parties concerned. PBS ST has made goofs in the past, they are after all, humans. :)
That's what I think; but, instead of writing all that analysis, I simply wrote "Phys channel; if you want biologists to bitch about it, go to the companion vids" :)
A wizard did it!
No, serious: it's of course a major error, just could not help after reading the same comment like two dozen times already. Someone in PBS studios is banging his/her head against a wall right now for that.
that ending statement though holy crap
The universe created me so I'd raise its entropy for it?
Mind BLOWN! 😵
Maybe the universe created us to stop entropy increasing as it can't do it without life, as matter is bound by the laws of physics?
@Max Smith Yes! I thought this too. Sick of all the pessimists saying we are bound for sure to die in a heat death when solving it could be the point of existence. Who knows when we have a few trillion years to figure it out and right now dont even know what 80% of the stuff in our universe is (dark matter & energy)
Jack Sparrow thank you I was having some existential crisis haha
I don’t think so. Intelligent Life is capable of so much more. All of the scientists talking about self reproducing cells. But life created much much more than this. We can decide what we do. And with an infinite time to evolve, maybe a future civilization can stop the entropy once and forever.
Dude the universe didn't "create" you, you ARE the universe! You're a conscious, localised expression of its processes. But ultimately there's no separation between you and It.
Abseiled into a Kugelblitz with a Geiger counter yesty arvo.
Was so high.
-Australia
8:56. I had to listen a couple of times before I realized he actually said SHEDDING heat! It really sounded like a different word.💩
I'd like to call in a homicide. Because PBS just blew my mind
Brainicide. You can probably still live without such a sensitive mind.
That is wrong "Must increase over time".
There is no force driving disorder, it is just "extremely unlikely" for a state to become
more organised. So "must" should be replaced by "almost certainly will".
vinm300 “almost certainly”
I agree. There are no absolutes. Almost.
So,
The purpose of life is to dissipate energy. We are all tiny entropy serving machines, harbingers of heat death.
That seems to be something that life does, as Jeremy England's research suggests, but I dont believe that defines its "purpose".
Watch until the very end! LOL Matt goes in #SAVAGE mode.
"We all know chemistry and biology are just applied physics." :D You tell em.
at 2:36 you could have chosen a type of cell that actually has DNA in it :D
other than that, great video as always
A temporary eddy of order in a universe moving towards disorder: that's my ego's smackdown for the day.
Sup my fellow localized eddies of order
Sup? Entropy... Duh.
sup
To Serve Man: Making comments vaguely hinting at problems with a presentation without explaining exactly what the problem is is just adding problems to understanding.
Is this a habit of yours? Making comments that people will struggle to understand and yet acting as if the meaning should be clear?
stiimuli as an Eddie I can confirm this lol
And here I am thinking I was useless all along
hey Mr Biologist , I thought red blood cells had no DNA. it must be a ploy to gets all these nerds to comment😎👍👊😼👏
“We are something the whole universe is doing in the same way a wave is something that the whole ocean is doing” - Alan Watts.
We are a process the universe does that allows the universe to experience itself
yes, our mind is the most complex function we know today, a function that with some of the billions subfunctions we're made of allows itself to be aware of itself and its surroundings. The uncountable emergences of complexity that took place between us and a rock allow us to say that as a rock isn't processing anything, barely responding to the Universe's effects on it, and thus can't be a complex enough function to be aware of itself, even if we're the same nature of inputs/outputs system than this rock or anything else.
Louis-gabriel Calix A rock is as good at being a rock as we are at being human. Therefore, it is as conscious as we are. If you can’t go there, what about a plant? Defining consciousness is so difficult!
@Timothy Stratton yeah but what we often regard as consciousness is our own human consciousness. And we can't say a rock has any sort of vision on itself contrarily to us, or even any vision at all because it doesn't process structured causal data, nor does it has senses.
@Timothy Stratton actually the answer lies in the "degrees of consciousness"
2:35: Wait, isn't that an erythrocyte? I thought those didn't have nuclei.
Also, that last statement wasn't ridiculously nihilistic at all. Yoiks.
We are all intermingled eddies in a flow of free energy.
Reminds me of Heraclitus: one can not step into the same river twice.
2:36 Talking about how many base pairs of DNA there are in cells and you show an active red blood cell, i.e. THE ONLY HUMAN CELL WITH NO DNA IN IT!
The iron-y. (Get it? Because red blood cells are red because of iron? I'll leave now.)
Teth47 but they do have mitochondrial DNA right?
Teth47 in
Ari, they have no DNA at all, neither mitochondrial. All their organelles and stuff have been expelled from the cell, so they are just filled up with hemoglobin and some other enzymes to keep things working for around 120 days, when they usually die. They are actually the reason why we have a basal lactate blood level, as their energetic metabolism only goes as far as to the glycolysis, therefore producing anaerobic waste, such as lactic acid.
@TheSomeGui those are news to me. Thank you
Teth47 lol nice
3:28 The biosphere becomes more interesting over time. The future is fun.
Just nitpicking but the carbon atom is larger than an oxygen atom 6:55
Due to it bonding with hydrogen you mean?
In general the size of the carbon atom by itself, regardless of whether it's bonded or not, is still larger than an oxygen atom.
More positively charged nucleus can pull the electrons in closer, even if there's two more of them.
Even the DNA is wrong, there is no major and minor groove (getting the symmetry right is important in physics! ;) ), so no double helix. And the protein is quite sad as well (see protein database - rcsb.org - motm)
I call the band name: low entropy eddie and the turbulent flow.
Ad: "Live on youtube"
Me: "Live on YouTube‽
I already do!!!"
Cool! Just by being alive, I'm helping to destroy the Universe! Thanks! This knowledge is so liberating!
I did the 420th like on 420 nice
EDIT: also nice comment 👏👏
Randall Blyler mmm
EebstertheGreat lzccv v xxbxbccb v
V b v
Life's purpose...to create Entropy?! 😭
And yet life also resists Entropy itself?! 🤯
We create, from destroying. We replicate by destroying... all the while also resisting Entropy... are we like stars, then? Exploding while imploding, so we can release our payload of increased complexity?
The only way to fight our calling is to be our best selves...destroy the least until we ourselves find a way to break this cycle while reluctantly obeying it the least...rebels going against the current.
Also, yeah... Anti-Spirals aren't really wrong with their goals.
#Anime #GurrenLagann #AntiSpirals
"chemistry and biology are just applied physics" hahahahahahaha
Me trying to sleep at 3 am
Brain: let"s see video about entropy and LUCA
10:35
Finally an answer to the age old question about the purpose of life.
"In service of the spread of disorder and dullness."
"An agent in the inexorable trend to maximise the entropy of spacetime."
These will make two brilliant t-shirts!Please PBS Spacetime!
"Life acts to reduce its own internal entropy by increasing the entropy of its surroundings"
I keep telling my mom that my room WAS clean but then that dang entropy came in and messed it all up
Every time you organize your room the universe gets more disorderly. Tell your mom to pick the lesser evil.
Wrong definition
EditioCastigata That’s actually true because you need energy to move items around but much that energy is lost in entropy!
the cat in the hat is negative entropy?
"Entropy is the measure of the boringness of the system". First time I've ever understood Entropy!
“The 2nd lorr of thermodynamics”
2:30 y’all used a picture of one of the few cells that don’t contain DNA
By far the greatest compliment ever! "A momentary fluctuation of... Interesting."
3:55 global warming explained, in a nutshell.
My favorite video of the series so far, and I've seen many. It addresses one of the biggest existential questions by integrating the other sciences into a holistic view, keeping it understandable all along. Really grand.
12:10
Unruh particles; audible
5:38 "But... where on EARTH did it happen"
Both literally and figuratively :) :) :)
O'Dude, you spit hot fire like a Quasar
of all the cells you could have chosen you picked the one that doesn't have a nucleus...
I may be the average viewer, but I can differetiate between a number of different human cells. However, this show is, as far as I know, meant for a broader audiance, so they should present correct information.
tbird81 umm.. Joe Hanson "the guy" does have a PhD in cell and molecular biology... so yeah I think it's safe to say that he is a Biologist. so is Hank Green.. as far as I know.
tht been said. I'm not complaining. they made a tiny mistake and it wasn't the host's fault.
Geo Mit but they do have mitochondrial DNA right?
@tbird81 He is not an actor. He is a professor at the City University of New York. But he is very beautiful, so an honest mistake to make and assert without checking.
"Eddies in the space-time continuum." "'Ah...is he. Is he." "What?" "Er, who is Eddy, then, exactly?"
"Storing hundreds of megabytes of data!" Much Data. Very big. Wow.
Funny how they chose to represent DNA in cells by erythrocytes, one of the few cell types that have no DNA at all...
8:55 I’m pretty good at “shidding heat” too after a few bean burritos
Smonjirez - 2018-04-11
"What is my purpose?"
"You are an agent in the inexorable trend to maximize entropy."
"Oh my god..."
Gérard Philippe - 2019-08-04
@Iago Silva like a lock n load internet watchword rage machine gun man
Iago Silva - 2019-08-05
@Gérard Philippe Toujours
Lee rV. - 2019-11-13
All things serve the Beam.
Kalem Doucette - 2019-12-01
To hydrogenate C02
Alberto Ardura Fabregat - 2020-01-14
If we are agents in the inexorable trend to maximize entropy, this makes the awareness of our existence so much the more awe-inspiring and opens the questions of why do we believe in right and wrong, good and bad in the first place?
Why are we so attracted to beauty, liberty and love if they would all be an illusion and no one is free to escape death and annihilation?
Why are we called to and orient ourselves to complexity and perfection if that means we’re disobeying the deepest and most important laws of nature? Why do we seek to rebel against the laws of the Universe?