Physics Girl - 2020-08-13
Breaking the bottom out of a glass bottle by hitting the top is a challenging trick, but involves a ton of physics. The explanation is related to cavitation - a process seen in the Mantis Shrimp attack, head injuries and pouring honey! Creator/Host/Writer: Dianna Cowern Editor/Videographer: Levi Butner Research/Writer: A.J. Fillo Research: Meredith Fore Slow Motion Cinematography: Darren Dyk Thanks to Ed Ivory, Hope Butner and Kyle Kitzmiller Sources: Instructional YouTube Video Guy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDMcrvjDpCY Usage: https://phys.org/news/2020-04-pierce.html Cancer treatment: https://physicsworld.com/a/tuned-ultrasound-selectively-disrupts-the-structure-of-cancer-cells/ Mantis shrimp footage: Maya Devris and YouTube/Deep Look Shark Footage: Jan Acosta 2010 Propeller footage and animation created and owned by IET Institute for Energy Technology, University of Applied Sciences Rapperswil Bullet Footage provided by DSG technology
That's my Dad's footage of the Thresher Shark attack! What a surprise seeing that in a physics video.
cool! your dad seems pretty cool, kind of aggressive with the tail whip tho
@Ancient Exercise My dad sold the camera that your dad designed for his dad to have lent to her dad
Any chance you could get your Dad to film it again but with a high speed camera? 😁
In case it needs to be pointed out: the high speed cameras, as seen in the video above, are absolutely massive and very sensitive. Not to mention that the faster they record the more light you need, so he'd need a film crew diving with him as well as ensure all the equipment is watertight...
Tell your dad a bunch of science nerds on YouTube said, "Hi!"
@CheesecakeLasagna I imagine how that went:
Dad.. cheesecake lasagna said hi.
Dad: …
You can't be in every math and physics problems ever imagined
Euler: Yes, I can!
What a madlad he was....😂😂😂
Gauss: Hold my ale
Euler is regarded as a sort of demigod by the German engineers I have worked with. And he was a great mathematician but so were others.
@Jerry B. Euler did come up with some very elegant concepts including Euler's identity and Euler's formula, but the jury is still out on whether he actually came up with them first and whether it was a direct copy or parallel work like Newton and Leibniz.
Right!!!?
I saw the title and thumbnail of this video and thought: "Huh, maybe what I was told is not right at all."
Turns out, the video explained what I knew, but gave me a much better way to describe it, and a better understanding of it!
Not only that, it introduced sonoluminescence.
Man, had I entered physics instead of engineering, I might be even more all over that!
Remember, Spoegefugi, nothing says you can't study whatever you like on your own, even today.
Even me:
Being a 15yrold
Understood almost everything!!
Engineering that doesn't go deep into physics? Which field? Computer or software engineering?
@Revi M Fadli True enough, most engineering fields go hard into physics, but most fields only go hard into a small field of physics. Arguably, so does physicists, but they still get a lot better understanding of all kinds of physics compared to engineers. But to answer your question: Electronics Engineering. I have a good amount of knowledge of physics when speaking of electricity, but very little knowledge when it comes to most things in this video. Especially sonoluminescence, since, as she mentions, it is a field where we don't know all that much.
You really have a great talent for communicating science, for making physics understandable, relevant, and a lot of fun. This episode was especially fascinating. Thank you.
Physics Girl: "All that's left to do is try to blow your mind."
Proceeds to talk about cavitation bubbles in your skull causing brain damage.
Me: "I see what you did there."
Yeassss that was definitely on purpose.
@Physics Girl PUN CITY
Real talk though.... Intracranial cavitation is absolute nightmare fuel.
@Physics Girl Hey Dianna
Here's one from one of your favorite topics
One of the reasons that clothes and utensils are washed in warm water is that warm water reduces surface tension of water
But clothes are washed inside the water, not on water surface
@RBK STUDIOS with high surface tension, there might be small bubbles that cling between the fabric, because water couldn't get into those tiny cavities. Those are surfaces too. By lowering the surface tension the water might be able to get inside hose cavities more easily. Hope it helps!
I've been breaking bottles like this with my hands for a few years as part of my magic act, I always had a suspicion it wasn't exactly as it seemed, but this is pretty cool to learn, thanks.
Great video, as always. I also realised at 8:35, where Dianna explains what happens in carbonated water, that that is what makes a beer bottle foam over if you hit it with another one on its top. You can see that the water she used in the experiment also foams a little but, obviously, doesn't foam as strongly as beer usually does.
10:31, she says "that's it, that's all we got" with such an adorable disappointing expression, after throwing like 200 cavitation facts, and I must watch this whole video a couple of times more to get it all right 😅😅😅
This is a great video; so many interesting facts and it's really well done.
I'd like to know how in the world someone discovered this phenomenon with the bottle.
And I've watched many, many shark documentary shows on TV and have never seen the thresher shark with the whip tail until now. You'd think I'd have seen it on one of the shows.
Not that long ago, the bottle popping trick was used as a demonstration of "chi energy" by martial arts masters!
@gewoon ik Oh man! I wonder if that's what's going on with the walking dead man punch in Kill Bill?
Obviously takes a decent amount of energy KEKW
It seems like the "chi mastery", if it had any effect(when tricks aren't involved), was just the mastery of synchronizing & optimizing one's nerve & actuator system. Some martial arts stuff do have scientific explanation behind them, like "soft/rubber stance" being active compliance
One of the masters in our tradition is said to have one punched BULLS to DEATH...by exploding internal organs. Weird for that to seem like less BS now. 👊
@Maunder & Jape I mean, the brain technically is an internal organ
I really like your videos - this one is especially useful for explaining cavitation to others (I'm working in the pump industry). Fantastic work! One suggestion: Don't mix imperial and SI units (liter and PSI). Either one, or both grouped together would be nice.
That was great! I have been wondering about that for so long. I thoroughly believed that the air pressure caused the water to be enveloped in the bottle, then have the air go back out as the water slammed into the bottom of the bottle. At the same time, I had thought that the vibrations from hitting the bottle caused the glass to have some problems, weaken it or whatever, and that was why it broke out. But, this explanation and slo-mo imaging really helped in understanding this phenomenon better!
Great video - I have never seen the cavitation phenomenon caused that way and it's cool you were able to video it. One very minor correction: I am a retired naval architect who spent many years in research and also in the design group of a major shipyard. You said that the cavitation on the propeller caused the propeller to slow down. What happens is that large amounts of cavitation reduce the thrust the propeller is able to produce, thus limiting the speed the ship can attain. Virtually all surface ship propellers cavitate some. Current practice, based on decades of experience, is that on commercial ships, cavitation of not more than 5% of the blade area is normally acceptable, and in service will not cause significant damage to the propeller over the life of the ship, but each design must be carefully evaluated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and physical model test to ensure that the propeller and ship, when built, will perform as expected. Thanks for all the great videos you post, I very much enjoy them as excellent illustrations of physics in action!
One of the most interesting experiments you’ve done, thanks Diana!
Great video, seeing the slo-mo is so helpful for understanding what is really happening. Mark Rober also covered this a little bit back with an equally scientific style. Worth a watch for any who haven't seen
This was amazing. You talked about the light formed. I am curious if when particles are accelerated or excited enough do they then create a moment of wave? Becoming light for just a moment in time. Just a thought.
Such a joy learning from your videos. Thank you for spending time to create quality content!
This was so cool. I remember learning about the mantis shrimp and something along the lines of how that cavitation bubble also produces a split-second temperature that is some outrageously high number like 1000 degrees F or something.
Ok, cranial cavitation bubbles is the most horrific thing I’ve heard today. That’s for sure.
@BakonKing Really don't think cavitation bubbles are your biggest concern at that point...
Frank Lofaro Jr.
I try to avoid Trumpery content for that reason. Very disturbing. I fail often, but that was a good day.
@BakonKing yikes...but then again...hitting someone really hard and fast with a hammer might kill them regardless whether you achieved intracranial cavitation or not.
The forehead popping thing on the other hand is seriously disturbing.
@Divad Ignawm Can't say anything about the dude, but the woodpeckers brain are suspended by muscles that act as shock absorber. :-)
@Frank Lofaro Jr. not as scary as political polarization, be it the victims or the buzzers
Thank you so much for this video! I've seen a person do it with beer and soda with a hand. The person thought the bubbles were the cause. However, they found they had to shake the beer first, then it would work. So, maybe they were removing the carbonation for a bit before the cavitation would happen?
This genuinely blew my mind. I've seen cavitation in the Mantis Shrimp and behind boat propellers but to see it in slow motion with the bottle trick was absolutely amazing!
This is one of my favorite videos. You did a great job of narrating and overall production of the video. Really well done.
What a fascinating information packed and crystal clear explanation of cavitation - something I knew nothing about before you explained the phenomenon. Best thing I've watched this week and one of my favorite Physics Girl videos. Awesome.
I'm a naval engineer so this is right in a wheelhouse and I just want to say that you did a great job explaining this phenomenon! it was also cool to see that this applicable to other fields and being used to help people instead of just being a pain for me.
As a Marine Engineer, I agree :)
So I'd love to know, do the cavitation bubbles formed in the bottle create light? That would make for an even cooler science demo if they do!
I had this playing in the background, so I probably missed it, but what actually creates the cavitation? Is it the shockwave reflecting off the bottom and going through itself with an interference pattern and creating the low pressure zone?
Would a shaped glass bottom interfere with this process?
Very cool episode today, Diana! Thank you for so many good shows! You are one of my favorites on YT!!
Wow! This was so interesting!
Very well documented and explained, as always.
In fact, I think cavitation makes it possible to open a wine bottle, using a shoe on the wall 🤔 Or that could just be the previous drunk bottle 😁
I guess that could also work due to the fact that the neck has less area than the bottom, but yeah, could also be cavitation
I love your videos so much! Cavitation is cool and I learned a new word. I knew there was something familiar about these bubbles, then you got to the Mantis Shrimp and I remembered learning about the power of the Mantis Shrimp's blows and the bubbles. Doesn't the water get super heated also? And I remember plasma being formed from the Mantis Shrimp's power. Does plasma and heat occur with the bottle too?
When I was in architectural design, one of my teachers introduced us to cavitation in old water pipes. In rigid piping having a fast stream of water that is shut off abruptly can cause cavitation that can shake the lines and cause damage.
I've wondered about this for years! Great explanation and historical perspective
I thought I had understand cavitation good enough back in my hydrodynamics course and my job... but you just showed me another universe on this topic! thanks a lot! it helps me a lot! <3
Wow. This is definitely one of the most interesting things I've ever learned, for real. Especially the last fact about brain damage blew my mind (figuratively, thankfully).
It’s up there with Leidenfrost weirdness.
@Jamal Wills and I'm so glad the mechanical engineering school I go to explained in depth regarding both. And uh, as interesting as they are, they're some really annoying phenomenons when it comes to mechanical systems
An introduction into a new area of study, i.e., sonoluminescence. Now I have a topic for my doctorate, thanks Diane! I have been looking for a good topic! And I learned more in this one video than I did all the remainder of this year. It also makes me wonder if cavitation had anything to do with how ancient Egyptians quarried granite so precisely???
I'd love to see a physics explanation on that some day!!!
Fantastic vid! Thanks. Cavitation is also very important in submarines because the bubble collapse is very noisy. So submarines never want to cavitate. Going deeper allows subs to go faster due to the increased pressure making cavitation less likely.
I loved the way you explained this. So perfectly. Thank you.
This is crazy! I was just mentioning this to my mother-in-law (a science nerd) last weekend. When I was a young soldier stationed in Germany we would do this with beer bottles. Granted a group of soldiers and cases upon cases of beer does not a scientist make but we did find out the water level is crucial. We weren't about to waste beer. lol
There is a lot of research as I understand. I'm just stunned by the quality of the explanation.
Stunned like a fish hit with a cavitation bubble? :-)
Mark roger made a great video about this with backyard scientist.
Mark rober already did this
Definetly
Really cool, Diana, even more than always.
Two questions, if I may:
1) When a cavitation bubble forms, and before it collapses, what is inside? A. Nothing, a vacuum; B. water vapor but no air or other gas. C. Steam. D. something else.
2) how do you make honey cavitate?
Great explanation of cavitation. I'll save a link to send to my customers when they manage to kill rotary fuel injection pumps. The pumps are very sensitive to having their inlet flow restricted, as this causes the volatile petrol to cavitate. The subtlest errors in how the pumps are plumbed (typically in aftermarket, not OEM installations) can be enough to cause cavitation, and the collapsing vacuum 'bubbles' erode the ceramic pump internals away pretty quickly.
This is so ridiculously well researched! A lot of it went over my head, but definitely learned a lot nevertheless
Hi! Amazing video as always. am wondering can this phase change due to accelaration happen in other substances, and not necessarily liquid ones, for example: can air (mixture of gases) particles turn into plasma simply by abrupt accelaration?!
Love it whenever Euler is mentioned. Such an important mind in the engineering sciences: cavitation (as here), and (for structural engineering) Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, and Euler buckling. ‘Literally’ what we stand on to reach ever greater heights in engineering; without him, we’d ‘buckle’ under the load; we might even ‘bend’ at any ‘moment’; I’ll stop now, before my ‘stability’ is questioned (that one was a bit of a stretch, I admit...)
Other than how it was described was a failure in the interfacial properties of water and solids - when it is actually due to the material properties of fluids and self-surfaces (the potential energy increases through the generation of potential new surfaces of different energies). So Euler got the gist of the displacement causing an inertial problem - but didn't understand the energetics of fluids or surfaces enough to explain what he thought.
i remember mark rober video from a few years back, but definitely love having more videos on such an interesting topic. marks video is very good for exploring the ways to learn how phenomena work, while this one has a lot more history and in depth explanation of the science
As a kid, when I moved my hands fast underwater (our mini kid-size single swimming pools :D or under buckets full of water ), I saw a big chunk of bubbles forming behind. It was hard for me to believe those were air getting down to business. Not entirely sure if that's cavitation in action, but having something been seen in real made this video more amazing for me.
Well done and absolutely amazing. Mahalo for all the work you put into these videos.
Mind successfully blow! Wow science, you done it again.
And what an awesome field to go into, sonoluminescence. It’s such an interesting effect, the name sounds cool, and it just seems to have some sort of amazing link to something very important that I can’t exactly describe.
Great video. It's stuff like this that makes me love Physics. There is always more to learn and that is so exciting.
As always, you have made my day and blown my mind. Thank you Diana! 😊🤯💜
Peter Beckley - 2020-08-14
Dianna throws out about 400 interesting facts all related to cavitation and still says "that's it, that's all I've got". Girl, that was plenty and that was awesome!
Vark Ster - 2020-08-17
@Adan Eden Me too. And it usually is already there.
Often multiple times. Within seconds.
But it's so much easier (and less useful) to start your own thread, it seems, even when 90% of the comments say exactly the same thing. :/ That's YouTube comments: Listen To Me!
Good job in not doing that.
NC Dave - 2020-08-21
If you want more on the subject, Thunderf00t made some noise making vacuum tubes (distilled water in low pressure). He also has a very fast camera. But he used lab glassware so they don't break after use
DeanazCOOL Zi - 2020-08-25
SIMP comment for sure
Biker Firefarter - 2021-05-22
@NaoTa MF heat.
Aquila Rossa - 2021-11-29
I am thinking the guy whose video she corrected is now drinking from lots of bottles, instead of breaking them. I also wonder if he admitted his mistake and took the video down, or dug his heels in and went on to arguing the Earth is flat etc.