Veritasium - 2020-10-20
In 2015 astronomers successfully predicted the appearance of a supernova within a couple weeks. How did they do it? Win your Ultimate Tech Bundle by entering Fasthosts’ Techie Test here: https://fasthosts.com/veritasium (Competition now closed) This video was sponsored by Fasthosts. Special thanks to Geraint Lewis for consulting on gravitational lensing. Check out his YouTube channel: https://ve42.co/gfl and books: https://ve42.co/GFLbooks The supernova image in the thumbnail is from my documentary, Uranium: Twisting The Dragon's Tail. Check it out here: https://genepoolproductions.com/uranium-project References: DEJA VU ALL OVER AGAIN: THE REAPPEARANCE OF SUPERNOVA REFSDAL P. L. Kelly et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.04654 Predicted properties of multiple images of the strongly lensed supernova SN Refsdal Masamune Oguri. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Volume 449, Issue 1, 01 May 2015, Pages L86–L89, https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.6443 Multiple Images of a Highly Magnified Supernova Formed by an Early-Type Cluster Galaxy Lens Patrick L. Kelly et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.6009 "Refsdal" meets Popper: comparing predictions of the re-appearance of the multiply imaged supernova behind MACSJ1149.5+2223. T. Treu et al. https://arxiv.org/abs/1510.05750 Irwin I. Shapiro (1964). "Fourth Test of General Relativity". Physical Review Letters. 13 (26): 789–791. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.789 Irwin I. Shapiro; Gordon H. Pettengill; Michael E. Ash; Melvin L. Stone; et al. (1968). "Fourth Test of General Relativity: Preliminary Results". Physical Review Letters. 20 (22): 1265–1269. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.20.1265 Research & Writing by Stephanie Hamilton, Ralph Crewe, Petr Lebedev, Derek Muller, and Jonny Hyman Animations & VFX by Jonny Hyman & Ivàn Tello Thanks to Jaime Portsmouth for his gravitational lensing simulator and help enabling it to render simulations. Supernova simulations courtesy of Adam Burrows Numerous hubble images by Hubble Legacy Archive, NASA/ESA/STScI Numerous images by ESO / NASA
This blows my mind. I've always understood the concept of how objects in the sky are so far away that it takes a long time for the light to reach Earth, as if we're looking into the past. But I never considered the fact that objects between us and what we're observing could distort our observation. Science never ceases to amaze me.
@dangeros31 whether*
not weather.
And how crazy is it that the more we remember, the longer time seems due to the additional references created for each moment. So in a sense thought & time are interchangeable - time flies when we're (having fun) not thinking so if I were able to make you remember more information than the max of about 34% of each day, I could elongate how you experience the space time continuum.
Like how smaller lifeforms move faster in smaller degrees, in the same sense the Universe could just be a quick flash in the pan to which our life span can barely guess at. Like a microbe in the centre of a Nuclear explosion so gargantuan that it is even too small to be affected! But ultimately it shall - along with everything else in the universe once again. Starting the cycle once more! Stunning beauty... so humbling.
Remember this everything you see and talk with your friends is in the past.
@KINDLE each moment feels longer the LESS time you experience. Time flies when you're having fun because you're not paying attention to it. For kids, a car ride feels like forever because they aren't doing anything and it feels so much longer than if they were having fun. Also it's relative to the amount of time they have already experienced which is much lesser than an adult. Adults feel time passes faster because of the relative amount of time experienced coupled with the multitudes of things that require out constant attention... I feel this is a more apt way to explain the relative feeling of the passage of time
I’m so glad there are people smart enough to know what’s going on when they look through a telescope lol
Beautiful words. ✅
@Kiab Toom Lauj TL;DR
@Joe Black I'd like to meet you.
Technically, they are not looking. They are reading the data. Or both.
@derekbd same lmao
The more we learn, the crazier the universe becomes.
The universe or us?
@Jaiveer Katial ikr lol
Facts
@Divinity We aren't even able to educate our populous to write and speak correctly.
Universe is not only crazy than we think, its crazier than we can think. -Werner Heisenberg
The fact that there are multiple images of the same galaxies, delaying the light that arrives to us at different intervals is blowing my mind. I never knew something like this exists. It's cool to keep learning new things about space that continue to astound me. I'll never get tired of it.
One of the few youtubers that always produces top notch content is now pouring it en masse! Guess not all is bad for 2020.
@Chizbot thats a misspell
@Stranger with Science obviously.. that's why it's funny. Also en mass is a misspelling, it's en masse, but hey whom's counting
But not safe from the Suns antics.
@Stranger with Science "don't get to redefine words" even if you are or were right, grammar is ever changing, who tf cares yo
@Marc Perez this comment must be regretful by this point....
Quality content like this deserves "YouTube Tenure." I couldn't imagine a world without Veritassium.
So basically, every moment of every day is echoed through the eternity of space time, for all eternity? That’s pretty friggin amazing. The observable light that reflects from us out into the cosmos never goes away. Yeah I don’t feel insignificant or anything lol
@FighterCK about what….
@FighterCK is his the theory about the cycle of big bangs…? if so then we still wouldn’t be echo’d forever.
you made me want to live more
@Painless kun I’m glad you got something positive out of my comment! Have a great day man and stay safe!
@MusicMan042 :D All the same to you, being positive is key to survive in this society anyways
“Hey did you catch the supernova? If not, no worries, they’ll play re-runs in a year. Or twenty.”
Astronomers / Physicists and Mathemeticians are just in an entire league of their own with no equal. What we even know, and are continuing to learn, in regards to the incomprehensible amount of "uknowns" still just blows me away. The mathematical discovery of Neptune by Urbain Le Verrier is the first example that pops into my head. When I first saw the Hubble Deep Field image and then watched the 3D simulation separating the image to scale, and in comparison to its distance to our own galaxy, I must've sat staring at my screen unable to say or think anything but "............uh....wow.....uh.....How do people see this and just say "Wow, cool" and aren't changed even a little bit. Astronomy really did more to help me be a better and more understanding person than anything else in this life. We are so insignificantly significant in terms of the sheer scale of the Universe, and our CURRENT understanding we MAY be the only conscious lifeforms (doubtful) - the fact we even still wage war and can't take care of our one and only Home and Eachother really just becomes so sad to wake up to each and every sacred day we get. We'd rather Nero decree the one celestial body that harbors life (again, as far as we know) under Mutual Assured Destruction than begin to establish a future in which both Planet and Inhabitants are cared for for the insignificantly significant existence we get (as far as we know) 1 shot at. When all is said and done, in the end, leaving the world a better place in which you found it is to me, the closest answer to the question of "Why are we?" we have been asking since we started casting our gaze up to the stars in search of meaning. Idk how we ever got so lost as a species that being a better person each day to each other and our home is regarded as irrelevant if you don't believe in a certain theology. I'm 100000% certain no matter what we meet when our time is done, being a decent human being is regarded more highly than the name you believe in through the name your pray through. It was never meant to be like this. How did we just become "okay" with establishing an existence in which we spend the majority of it preparing for the end of it. We got so focused on trying to build a life that we actually don't even live. Imagine telling mankind in hindsight of all the wonders of the Universe in which we reside, and convincing everyone "Ya, but we established an existence in which we spend the majority of it lwaging war, living in poverty, in which tax cuts to those who have accumulated more wealth than 90% of the world's population are more important than making sure people don't go to bed hungry. Living and dying in the same little corner of the planet you grew up in because we "don't have time to just....." due to the virtuous suffering we decided to admire and establish as the "norm". How did it ever come to this? Seriously?
It is awesome to see you talk about such current research in Astrophysics. As a Phd student who grinds these papers every day it is a joy to see you manage to share these concepts so understandable and yet very accurately. It is a joy to watch!
I was the 669th like of your comment.
@Lukas Wenzl hello there, it'd be kind of you to put up your maid id on your channel (thru channel settings) or here in the comments.
I'd love to actually get in touch with a Physics PhD student.
Get off his junk.
At 6:23 the picture looks like a face albeit a creepy face but a face nonetheless.
An AGN could also have “time stamps” in it’s spectra that can be used to differentiate the light paths in a multi-lensed system. There’s an AGN in the northern hemisphere (I forget its name) with two distinct images that differ in age by a little over a year. Neat stuff.
Imagine a boat (light), traveling at velocity c, crossing a river at a slight angle upstream, which flows faster in the middle than at the edges (like the echo example from Earth to Venus, the Sun being the fast flowing middle). The distance the boat travels will be longer than a direct path in still water, but also longer still if measured by the flow water under the hull. The boat will have to lose some of its forward velocity to crab through the moving water (space). Does it at all make sense that space might flow instead of stretch and gravitationally slow time?
I understand your point clearly. Thanks sir
It could be that space is flowing and simply dragging matter along with it. EM is just energy flowing through spacetime like a pool of water, it makes sense that if space is flowing it drags light in a certain way.
It's just that there are likely infinitely many explanations and only one is correct.
The earth, venus, sun and the entire milky way galaxy are zipping along in space at a tremendous speed. Altho this speed is only a fraction of the speed of light, are these considered in the calculation of the radar echos from earth to Venus and back?
Your videos are so fascinating, Derek, that I forget about my duties. Great, high quality content and your professionalism in each episode. Waiting for more cosmic news from you. Lots of love...:)
What a great description of gravitational lensing! I'm just an amateur astrophotographer and have managed to image the "Twin Quasar" with my equipment, but I could never quite understand how the lensing produced (in that case) TWO images rather than some other effect. I think that I now less confused than before, so yay!
Yeh right! When I look in ze mirror, I don't see two reflections do I?
Oh.. wait..
That is legitimately mind blowing. To see the exact same event not just on multiple places, but also at different times. And not only twice but six times? Imagine that in an ordinary world setting. Literally deja vu.
ever though this might actually has something to do with dejavus? the one where we dream with something and late ron they happen exactly when, where and how we dreamed
@Pavel I've had dreams that happened days later man, I write my dreams down so it wasnt a fake memory or anything like that because I had it written
@Akma Thanks for the reply, but I don't believe you ;) You have little reason to lie, but there are lots of people reporting things that never happened. The first example from the top of my head, chasing UFO or light son the sky that later are found to be a planet like Venus or bright star.
Dreams are usually composed of things you have seen in the past, you know or you dream about - things you really want to happen - or think a lot. Things your brain know about. I have never had a single dream I could make use of in the real-life, although some dreams were really nice and I rarely have nightmares.
There are a few interesting videos with James Randi on YT. He had been squashing paranormal claims for years. His foundation even offered a 1 million dollars prize. I corrected my previous comment and removed one sentence because somehow I had mangled the meaning.
@Alone Gamerz Experience, you've done something stupid in the past, you've forgotten, doing it again getting a familiar feeling.
I am not happy with the term Deja Vu in this setting I think Fata Morgana (or Mirage) works be better for me. As I understand, Deja Vu happens in the brain because of how the brain works, and Fata Morgana is an actual physical light phenomenon that has to do with distorting the vision of a physical object over a distance when you would have a somewhat direct line of vision but rules of the universe plays with it before you get to see the light.
In the video the light from a space event passes 6 different paths around an object in the middle of a single point of view - the difference between the paths is the time at which the light arrive. A Fata Morgana works to distort the vision of an object to be near while it is not and this distance would appear different if observed at the same time but from 6 different locations.. So not quite the same but on a related note.
Thank you for the wonderful video again, Derek! I came back to it a second time, and noticed at the end you say you used to think of universe like it would be glass, and how strange it was. How do you view the universe now afterwards? I'd still think of it roughly a glass-like substance in the sense, that light travels slower through denser materials, or takes more time to traverse a thicker part of the glass. Just that in the case of the universe, that thickness is tremendous really. Curious thought I think. Here's to hoping there are other similar events coming up!
Great vid! If the universe is indeed on the surface of a torus (donut), could that donut be expanding differently in different directions? That is, can the radius of the ring of the donut be expanding faster/slower than the radius from the center of the donut. And, if so, perhaps the hubble constant is a function of two different expansion rates, where the actual value is based on the direction. Just a thought ...
That closing remark beginning @11:36 is amazing. I had to go back a few times to listen to that. “What is contained in those distortions is information about the workings of our entire universe.” It’s really amazing how we can see so far away and glean bits of information.
The appearance of technology and knowledge related to photography when it comes to cutting edge science is something that amazes me.
"Do you notice that the same galaxy appears three times in the image?"
Yeah I totally noticed
@Halvor Huse Aasen nah
You killed me there, had the exact same reaction
@Halvor Huse Aasen but they, in contrary to the electrons, are not the same.
Lol
Hey Veritasium, a question for you. Is the gravitational lending also effecting the background radiation map? Does the mapping account for gravitational lensing?
It's just mind blowing how much information scientist can extract from those images!
This video seriously just blew my mind. I might actually understand how that happened lol I'm speechless that was so cool. What exactly makes the light from that galaxy come back downhill from the gravitational lens after it's been pushed away from its original path? Is it other gravitational lenses that focuses the light back down in our direction for hubble to see or is that just the normal behavior of light to just go up and over that lens?
This is very interesting. From the perspective of the viewer, time not being linear is an extremely cool concept... Gravitational Tarantinoing.
Spacetime be like: But, will it bend?
Video sponsored by Bendtec.
No such thing
Papa flammi
Papa flammy?
@Devilixh Same order of magnitude.
|1-π| < |10-π|
therefore it's closer to 1 than to 10, and since astronomers (sometimes)
really only care about the 10^? part of a value, it makes sense to approximate π=1
I am mind blown and completely overwhelmed by all this info, love this amazing channel!
It's so fascinating how light travelling from the same supernova different amounts of time to reach earth, depending on the path it took, they are literally 20 years apart. That's how big this universe is. Maybe bigger, considering the explosion happened before the earth was formed. And, to think that its still expanding, and there is the possibility of the existence of a multiverse is simply un-comprehendible to my basic layman brain.
Cool channel. I love Astronomy, but graduated in Materials Science and Chemistry. I still think we are too small and stupid to understand the complexity of the universe.
I wrote about this for a school project two years ago! But even though I already knew about this discovery, your visuals and explanation were still super infomative! I can't believe I just found this video.
What I learned from this video: Cosmologists are smart AF.
we are most of the time peaceful people
They're just logical
@Bobazo Vamoh Chile Astronomy, you meant...
@Bobazo Vamoh Chile ew astrology
Thank you :)
epic video bro, I would like to know how certain those scientists are about their findings. I mean the implications of those findings are rather profound and I don't want to be disappointed when the universe doesn't rip itself apart.
0:40 Is this representing just the core of the star? Even so that is an astronomically fast speed, pretty mindblowing
These videos blow me away. The scientists who figure all this stuff out are simply amazing.
damn I didn't know this "Einstein" dude was so famous, his bagel shop must be booming
I cant believe it, every time there is anything sciency in film they say quantum or hardron or something, why dont they just use this einstein guy
@Filip Bitala quantum and Einstein? lol those 2 things are polar opposite of each other.
I'm not sure this explains it enough for me. I mean yeah, I can see how the lens might stretch or smear a spot of light, but I would like more explanation on how it makes a single point of light appear multiple times around the lens ring, rather than stretching or smearing that point of light and only in one spot, which is more what I would expect it to do. It wasn't made very clear anyway. Thanks for any info!
A really good explanation of a kind of mind blowing phenomenon. Great stuff!
I absolutely love space and I hope one day im able to contribute to the research of it
I absolutely love space and I hope one day im able to contribute to the research of it
According to me the three method to calculate the expansion of the Univers are accurate. The one based on the analysis of the closest object is using the youngest light (a few light years away). The one using the gravitational l’enthousiasma is using light billion years away. That would match the theory of the acceleration of the expansion of universe.
I just can't get enough of your contents!
Thank you so much!
How can "perfect alignment" exist (over extensive time periods) among 3 Cosmic bodies (two galaxies & us here on Earth), given the constant motions of all three? It would seem like the perception of the 4 'gravitationally lensed' images of the same distant galaxy would vary significantly.
Beautiful video. Great images, great animation, very well explained
This absolutely blew my mind. I expected nothing less from you, Derek. Thank you for everything you do.
I want to ask (really ask) about 296 km/s and 370 km/s at 10:07. I know it's relative speed each other, but how the light of distance galaxy which is move relatively near (or more) speed of light, still visible to us?
VeryCool stuff! Thanks again for making these videos. It seems harder to get this kind of info since Discovery channel went all Naked and afraid and ghost hunting but we still do get accurate information about how many crabs can fit in a boat and that Pirate Captains dont really leave their gold behind. There is amazing amounts of new discoveries that youve let me in on and now that crazy James Web Space Telescope is gonna fly soon, Im overjoyed
So wow, every thing you and I do truly does affect the entire universe 🤯
Totally mind blowing and beautiful. I'm sure new-age spiritualists will pick this up and say that angels are sending us the same signal over and over again trying to tell us something.
this makes me think about how lucky we are in the universe, we have perfect solar eclipses, we have a bunch of planets in our solar system, and we got a perfect view on a duplicated supernova and its host galaxy to go with it.
I can't believe how you get all this information, and how you teach it so well
@Ultiminati but, you see, there is two statments being made:
"The planet/universe is adapted to life" is fallacy just like "the hole is adapted to the puddle". Both are necessary (you can't have a puddle without a hole, nor life without a planet/universe), but not sufficient (you can have a waterless hole or a life-less Earth/universe). Besides, theres plenty of evidence of being the other way around (life adapting to its enviroment, and water "adapting" to its container).
"The planet/universe was made by someone " its a different statment. Although it's possible, it not only lacks the evidence, but also is, as far as we know, an unnecessary assumption. It have been time and time again troughthout Science history, to the point we can explain most phenomena without it.
I would agree that the second one alone is not a fallacy per say, but people often commit fallacies when trying to offer justifications for it.
@Caio Ribeiro There is evidence for life adapting to environment sure, but if the environment is maintained, both can be true at the same time. You can prepare the hole for the water, and still put the water to only one spot and waiting for the water to fill the other places (adapting) for example. That's why I don't see it as a fallacy, but showing only the harmony as a proof does not work and may be a fallacy then.
@Center of Gravity God has a name aswell. His name is Jehovah and His son is Jesus. The Bible will undoubtedly reveal this to anyone reading it without prejudice. :)
@sleeptyper Yes His name is Jehovah and I have met Him. Read the Gospel and get closer to Jesus to know He is God.
He is actually known as YHWH forever, and in English we call Him Jehovah.
When you know God, you call Him Jesus.
@Center of Gravity Philippians 2:5-11. Especially verse 6.
Since being near mass causes light to travel slower in the universe, would the fastest way to navigate a theoretical spaceship past multiple stars and galaxies to a destination beyond them actually be a zig zag line that keeps you as far from galaxies and stars as possible?
Dumack - 2020-10-20
Its incredible how much info scientists can extract from these tiny little smears of light
RPG Assassin - 2022-05-07
It's also amazing how they were doing this hundreds of years ago without modern technology. Before the generalized "dumbing" of humankind.
Dutchy - 2022-05-07
@Sponge çvqf1th
Karma Akabane - 2022-05-12
I hope you all have an excellent day. TAKE THIS!!!!! 6:25 😎
Harsh yadav - 2022-05-14
May be that is why they are scientist
Kunal Deb Barma - 2022-05-14
All the information which we got helps to understand these tiny smears of light