SciShow - 2021-06-03
Your DNA is a part of you, but it might not share your sense of who's numero uno. Hosted by: Michael Aranda SciShow has a spinoff podcast! It's called SciShow Tangents. Check it out at http://www.scishowtangents.org ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Huge thanks go to the following Patreon supporters for helping us keep SciShow free for everyone forever: Silas Emrys, Drew Hart, Jeffrey Mckishen, James Knight, Christoph Schwanke, Jacob, Matt Curls, Christopher R Boucher, Eric Jensen, Adam Brainard, Nazara, GrowingViolet, Ash, Laura Sanborn, Sam Lutfi, Piya Shedden, KatieMarie Magnone, charles george, Alex Hackman, Chris Peters, Kevin Bealer, Alisa Sherbow ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow ---------- Sources: https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1007700 https://www.nature.com/articles/284604a0 http://www.sas.rochester.edu/bio/labs/WerrenLab/My%20Papers/2001_Hurst&Werren.pdf https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/656220?seq=1 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00439-012-1257-0 https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007/978-1-4939-9074-0_6 https://www.jci.org/articles/view/116400/pdf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2874221/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3013285 https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-642-16483-5_3360 https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Crossing-Over https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/meiosis-humans https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-genet-112618-043905 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123014634500061 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23242375/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5133486/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5959745/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982218313642 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3701898/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3338262/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1201875/pdf/519.pdf https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/selfish-dna https://www.genetics.org/content/172/2/1309 https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Book%3A_Human_Biology_(Wakim_and_Grewal)/24%3A_Ecology/24.04%3A_Community_Relationships https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/basics/noncodingdna/ https://www.cell.com/current-biology/comments/S0960-9822(12)01154-2 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235907922_Largest_and_Smallest_Genome_in_the_World https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/feb/24/scientists-attacked-over-junk-dna-claim https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3439153/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4014423/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3619371/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4859970/ https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/pdf/S1550-4131(19)30120-2.pdf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5857283/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7061985/ Image Sources: https://www.storyblocks.com/video/stock/double-helical-structure-of-dna-strand-close-up-animation-s-xhcmjp8k8r4yuhn https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/dogs-gm463752425-32802234 https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/yellow-wheat-field-gm1152174842-312490894
At this point scishow made so many videos a science teacher could teach just by showing their videos.
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Attention: This high school course may contain sponsored advertisements.
Back in the day, some would just teach the book. I had a college class that literally did nothing more than read from the book, and tested from the book. I stopped going to class and aced the class because there was no homework either.
My AP bio teacher (back in 2015/16) used to assign sci show and crash course videos along with the assigned reading for class prep
SciShow has been around long enough that science teachers might have watched SciShow videos in class themselves when they were students
Rogue Genes: Happily being antisocial for millenia
Biologists: Hey what are you doing over there?
@Timmy B Well put. I'm going to use that phrase from now on.
GENES
“Betraying you from within”
A gripping tale of love and betrayal.
In IMAX THIS SUMMER.
You need to pitch this for a documentary/ docudrama....it would be soooo good if done right....🤨
good one :)
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You need to become a movie writer!!!
SciShow: presents some deep philosophies underpinning life as we know it.
The internet: my, what beautiful hair you have.
that's gorgeous hair tho
I mean really. I thought he was cute back in his trock days. Little did I know!
Which itself highlights his viability as a potential mate (healthy physique, healthy head of hair.) Evolution and genes doing their thing :)
Basically any woman presenting technical information on YouTube.
All the better to teach you with, my dear
Selfish genes just sound like a really lazy developer who got their program working but never bothered to clean up any of their experimental code before launching.
“...meh. good enough. plus, you never know if I’ll need any of this other extra sh*t.”
[pushes code to master genome branch]
Aaaand we have the winner who found the connection between our genome and the simulation theory 🎉😂
The genes at a party: Everyday I’m shuffling 💃🏽
@Whatsapp±① ⑧①⑥⑦⑦⑤③⑨⓪④ you’re a spam account? Nice try
Wow this reference took me back to school years👀
That transposable element killing gametes sounds like a super villain. "You've been poisoned and only I have the antidote. MUAHAHAHA!"
Either that or ransomware.
I read a book called a selfish gene, thought it was super interesting! Lots of Genes go back millions of years and compete to create more complex survival machines to spread themselves.
One of our color receptor proteins came from a gene duplication caused by a transposable element.
Had an encounter about this when Botched! covered the story of that Brazillian lady who went under gene therapy to look like an exotic african american through cosmetic surgery/ies. Didn’t know about it then, had more understanding about it now.
@Franco Franco Either I'm misunderstanding you, you're misunderstanding me, or you left your response under the wrong comment. I'm talking about the opsin proteins in the eye that let you see the color of light.
About junk dna: Some researchers activated junk dna on beetles and it has grown a third eye. So some proportion of them most definitely not junk, and more like an evolutionary library.
Ok this episode was seriously cool. And I enjoy Michael's delivery more than most hosts, good job Michael :P
Remember when the whole comments section was just laughing at Michael's growing-out hair? Well, it's having the last laugh now, because that is THE MOST MAJESTIC HAIR IN ALL OF YOUTUBE ✨
@D no no its kalash daddy or papa kalash
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@J Mart Do you know it for experience, right?! Johanna
@Luutâs Λούτας Лу́тос लूतस 野人 لوتاس hope I didn't offend your boyfriend too badly ❤ get well soon
. hey
Incredibly interesting! Thank you for covering these new discoveries :)
Selfish? I guess we need a DNA revolution
I am once again asking for your support! The top 1% of DNA is hording all the genes!
Seize the mean of repliciation!!!
you wanna dance....go DDR
Enter pollutants and carcinogens; we got this.
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So informative & well summarised. 🙏
ThankYou!
I love this channel, please keep doing what you guys do.
I never payed attention in school yet I graduated this year, thanks to all you nerdy channels yall made me big brain. Thank you for the gift of knowledge oh great ones.
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This story had more twists than my personal double-helix. I'd heard about "junk DNA" before but this really opened my eyes to the implications and possibilities.
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Michael, you've really come into your own with SciShow... although you don't need to hear it from me to know it. I like what you've pulled from Hank's presentation style and I tend to like your topic choices even more than Hank's; who has been my long running overall favorite (go figure). I respect the hell out of you man!
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This is happening also with the selfish immune system and this is why immunology is amazing! I was always amazed about how, at some point, the body starts attacking itself, recognizing some normal cells as antigens - then boom! the fight begins. Great content, as always ! :D
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Would you please do a video about DNA proteins and what it means when you're missing 1 or more? My oncologist recently discovered that I'm missing 2 DNA proteins and I still don't understand what that means. From what little I do understand is that it's practically unheard of for a person to be missing more than 1 protein, which is already incredibly rare. I searched, but Google came back with zero results.
Find out the names of the proteins that are missing.
Um, are you sure that you’re remembering what the doctor said correctly? What do you mean by DNA protein?
DNA codes for proteins, but it’s certainly not uncommon to have a version of a gene that lacks the ability to code for a particular protein, e.g. lactose intolerance is caused by having genes that don’t code for lactase.
There are also proteins that act on DNA, such as SSBs or various enzymes that have roles in replication, and I guess missing those would be pretty rare. It would also be of relevance to cancer. Are those kinds of proteins the ones you are referring to?
Not enough information to answer you. All your proteins are coded for by DNA. You need to get more information about the problem.
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The next person accuses me of being selfish I can say in my defense its literally in my genes.
the majority of my genes are selfish!
Selfish genes protect themselfs in others, that's why selfish genes can make unselfish individuals.
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Fantastic material as always, but... well, there's this thing called "selfish gene theory" (aka. gene-centered view of evolution) and it's a very different concept to the term "selfish gene" that's used in this video, which may be a little confusing.
“Altruism among blood relatives is a response to natural selection, it's called the selfish gene theory.” -Liquid Snake
@VariantAEC I don't know if the quote is real, but what it says is part of the "Selfish Gene" theory.
@Shah Zad
Thanks I'll have to check that out.
@X Ashton Blood relative typically only includes immediate family and first cousin families. Just by the coefficient of risk during incestual relations, second cousins marriages have nearly the same likelihood as that of the general population
@Emmett DonkeyDoodle I've searched its definition and there are many. I'm aware of the risk with incest.
Edit: One definition even limits only to birth, which means blood relative is relationship between parent and child.
@X Ashton Oh, there are definitely many! I should’ve been clearer—when people talk about it in conversation they tend to mean 1st cousins and closer. There may be exceptions to this depending on who is talking, but it’s usually the case.
Not me studying genetics for 3 years now, but being absolutely floored at the idea of segregation distorters 😖😖😖
right??? i’m doing genetic research in college and this video is throwing me for a loop
it's just simple warning to humans, that they can't even decide whether to be born or not,
the other warning is when you see someone died, which shows the person can't refuse to leave from this world
You geneticists will usher in a new era of modern medicine saving many lives. Keep it up guys
Literally had an examn on them yesterday lmao, even had a question about the medea gene
Junk DNA might actually protect against selfish DNA. the more junk DNA you have, the more likely it is for selfish DNA (as well as DNA injecting retroviruses) to waste their efforts on a non-coding part of the genome thereby protecting the genome as a whole.
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This episode of SciShow is sponsored by Pantene
🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
I am going to make a "crazy" statement here: These so-called random modifiers and such that allow editing of the genome of living things on this planet are NOT RANDOM -- I repeat, NOT RANDOM. They are there to allow some sort of overall controlling system on the entire planet -- some sort of "Gaia" either automatic or possibly "intelligent" (however that term might apply here) -- that allows manipulating living organisms for its purposes, whatever these might be (I would not possibly try to assign any such to this thing). How much this is running by itself and how much it is under close control would be difficult to separate unless you create a powerful neural-network AI system to analyze the entire world as a system and see the anomalies. As I said, crazy, but it explains some things I have noted around me that I otherwise cannot explain.
When you're a clam, all your DNA is selfish
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anyone else amused by watching his hair grow over the last year or so?
some sort of math riddle?
@lacewing No it’s a scammer that is trying to scam you lol
Hi SciShow. Do make videos on micro-RNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). They are very interesting molecules in the cell.
When other people made arguments about your DNA never changing your whole life, I knew they were wrong. It was obvious. Your DNA changes over your life. What you do affects your DNA and passes traits to your children.
This is why we always do our best.
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Yes, neo-Lamarckians tend to argue the same. And epigenetics shows that the argument is true to some extent. However, this effect barely remains for some generations so...
Michael is embracing his inner metalhead. I approve! 🤘😁
One of us one of us one of us
@flarexx.xx 🤘😁
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Fascinating. But how do you classify "non-parasitic" genes as "not selfish"? I thought that almost 50 years after Dawkins' "The Selfish Gene", it was agreed among biologists that all genes are - by definition - selfish.
They explain the difference in the video. Give it another watch, perhaps
"Killer Meiotic Drivers" is the name of my new metal band.
I am not sure if this is a related subject or not, but how does a ribosome (?) find or know what DNA it needs to find in order to make a specific protein that the cell needs at that time?
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with this, i can conclude that my team members have too much junk DNA. no wonder they don't do anything for the project. it's in their genes.
I like the long hair!!! I am also growing out my own hair as well. I got a new job that allows me to grow out my hair all I want, I can even have a beard. You might be like me, I don't know if it looks good on me, but I'm going to do it anyway, just to see. Also I love science and this channel.
I like the change, too. I went ultra bold with mine recently, too, only in the opposite direction. I had long Celtic red hair that I decided to stop coloring. So I chopped it all off and am growing it back out again prematurely gray. 😲 I've gotten a lot of weird looks and comments, too. Much like Michael has during his change. I'm all for doing what we want with our appearance. Whether it's a bold move or not. And if you want your hair long and to grow a beard, then go for it! You do you! 👍
Join the long hair bearded club brother (even if your unlucky with the facial hair growen genes, any beard is beard enough lol(
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@flarexx.xx Lol thanks for the encouragement. My beard is fine, I'm Scottish with German. My family can't not grow a beard! even some of the women....
you could look at it the other way around: if a particular protein was really nice to have in some situations, but not that useful in general, it could easily be dropped by evolution. then it could be an act of adaptation to "invent" a poison that this protein is neutralizing. it is like a memo reading "dont delete this, it is important! you will thank me later, once <xyz> happens."
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Hey Scishow, will be great to make a video on heterosis in different animals.
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0:12 My personal peeve: Graphics of DNA that show "textures" which are smaller than the atoms themselves, as if DNA were just some random body part and not an actual molecule.
You remain cute and even funny in some weird way. I like your varying hairstyles. Thanks for letting me know about the selfish genes. Don't quite understand that, but I am going to try.
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I wonder if transposons are the body's way of breaking up viral DNA to prevent them from working as designed by the virus? Kind of like Sicklecell Anemia is the body's way to deal with malaria if you only have ne of the genes, but you get anemia if you have both genes.
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'Transposons' sounds like a made up word from Voyager. Unexpectedly I've finally found a compliment for Voyager.
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Hey! Voyager is great!! 😍
@TheMasterSciFi Definitely underrated. I won't argue it to be as good as TNG or DS9 and it definitely had some not so great moments, but overall I still enjoyed it quite a bit
DNA, being a chemical and all, lacks both feelings and motivation. Replicators replicate. Some do this well, some don't. Replicators which don't replicate lose the label. A really good replicator is the gene. It is a row of chemical symbols which encode certain proteins. Other genes on the same DNA provide the environment for genes to replicate.
Shall we give chemicals a human motivation? "Selfish?" Replicators replicate. Some do better than others.
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Great video :) Another way to get huge genomes is by chromosome doubling.
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humans : "there's no such thing as god, I have the full control of my own existence !!!"
Sefish genes : " DNA editing goes brrrrrrr...."
@Whatsapp±① ⑧①⑥⑦⑦⑤③⑨⓪④ TARD
One another super interesting selfish element that was not cited in the video is B chromosomes
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DNA is not so bad.
Now, if the Mitochondria start acting up...
P O W E R H O U S E O F T H E C E L L
They go on strike and demand pension?
@-CFW.Magic- Nahh you just mutate into a biological abomination bent on world domination
"Nucleic domination has finally come to an end!" "The day for mitochondria to be free has finally arrived!!"
you mean like myasthenia gravis?
I was just getting used to the idea of epigenetics. Now we have jumping genes.
Lyndsay Brown - 2021-06-03
Someday, Michael's hair will encompass the Earth.
Piotr Pajerski - 2021-06-04
@RK lockdown gains? ;-)
mike bar - 2021-06-05
Only is he goes ss3 or Super Saiyan 100 or 10...
mike bar - 2021-06-05
It's a Mule, jackass 😅
Gordon Gekko - 2021-07-02
hippie
Krysten Ridgeway - 2022-09-30
It's getting pretty close now.