Cody'sLab - 2019-02-24
I demonstrate vapor properties of liquids and gasses. Gas model video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XNCIp3fm7V0 Help me make videos by donating here: https://www.patreon.com/CodysLab Follow me on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/codydonreeder SubReddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/codyslab/
The reason you're seeing slightly less pressure in your summing rig, I believe, is because the valve is likely a ball valve which contains a void. When the void is 90 degrees to the openings (valve closed) the total volume of the device is slightly less when filled from either side. When you open the valve, that void becomes part of the pipe connecting the two ends, and adds to the overall volume of the contraption - causing a slight loss of pressure.
@Jax10n The volume doesn't matter as long as there is excess liquid. Some of the liquid will evap to fill up the vacuum, but that is far less volume than the vacuumed section
@Xyzzyx 1:10 what liquid? The part where the pressure was slightly less than expected was when he was just using carbon dioxide and air (nitrogen). For either nitrogen or CO2 to form a liquid it would take extremely cold temperatures or high pressure, which he wasn't doing.
Later in the video he used R-134a specifically because it is a liquid at a more reasonable temperature and pressure, but there wasn't any confusion about what the pressure would be at that point. He didn't make any predictions, but explained that the air was forcing the R-134a down on that side and slowing the mixing, which would make for a lower pressure that slowly rises over time as the gases mix.
Xyzzyx We’re talking about the very first experiment in the video! There’s no liquid!!
Now hold on here for just a minute! Something is very intuitively wrong in my head about this!I
Please correct me if I am missing a huge chunk of this. I think this is all wrong.
It's not the sum of each individual single gas pressure system before mixing that gives the new Total pressure after mixing. The new derived total pressure after combining is the average of each individual pressure. If adding them were correct, then if two gases were at 50 pounds and they mixed, the total pressure would have to be 100 pounds and that ain't gonna happen. That thought is what triggered me.
What Dalton's Law says is if you were to combine both into the same volume as one.
You can't just connect the two because connecting is not adding, it is just grouping.
The volumes are not added, only the pressure is.
Consider if you had 2 balloons, one filled with 1 pound of pressure (P1) and the other with 2 pounds of pressure (P2). If I connect them using a check valve to only allow the flow of has into the 1 pound balloon and none out, they just equalize to 1.5 lbs each. No more air flows
But Dalton's Law says to add all of the pressures to get TP , P1+ P2+P3... it doesn't add part of the pressure. Using your demo and just adding part of P1 would make the equation P1+.25P2
You still had 75 pounds in one that was never added. If you would have added it, you would have ended with 100#+50#=150# P1+P2=TP as Dalton would approve of. And Snell as well.
The summing of pressures of different gases is not what is demonstrated or presented in this proofing experiment.
The pressure just follows the laws of thermodynamics and flows to conserve energy.
The ball valve only has a tiny volume
The ball valve acts like an orifice tube like the one used in the air conditioning system in your car.
The low side has just become an evaporator.
The high side has become a condensor.
It will continue to cool until both sides are equal pressure.
Normally, the compressor in an AC system keeps the high side pressurized as the refrigerant is discharging through an orifice into the lower pressure side. Venturi effect
The compression of the gas by the compressor creates a lot of heat.
The lower glass tubes are well insulated from the metal and the local ambient heat.
And heat from your hand can warm the copper easily.
When you tilt it, the copper tube acts as a heat sink for the liquid and is an excellent conductor of heat between the liquid and the ambient heat.
Like how 60 degree air is no big deal but 60 degree water feels much colder.
That's my $ 0.02 anyhow.
@Cody'sLab CODY do you know why a recapped soda will stay carbonated longer at room temp as opposed to putting it in the fridge? what is the science behind that. its a trick a friend taught me
"Nobody strike a match." How you are still alive is beyond me.
Caleb Davio 12:44 it's always nice if you add a time stamp if you quote from a video.
Ya Fucken asshole
The chainmail will protect him.
Google Quantum suicide.
@William Morgan Pepperidge Farms remembers
@Demetry Romanowski I was really scared for him because static electric could have blew him up.
I like how he forgot to close the valve before adding the refrigerant, hence the cut in the scene to fix it hahahaha.
What do you mean with 'we don't live in a perfect world'? That's just a lazy excuse. Our universe is perfect, you just neglected to calculate the rest of the universe in :p Lazy bum :p
That's a nicely made testing apparatus. :-)
"...welcome back to my lab."
But...whose lab? The change of introduction frightens and confuses me!
@Charlotte Stewart Hey, It's Cody, again. In the Lab. Cody's Lab.
Futurama reference?
That's (seriously) a symptom of OCD and/or autism.
I think his name is NileRed
Wats up everybody welcom bak to me laboratory, were safhty numba one payority. Today we're testing awesome gadjicks
Perfect example of contaminants in a refrigeration system. That’s why just dumping refrigerant into a car a/c that’s out of gas will cause system failure. The high head pressure will kill the compressor valves. Retired HVAC technician here. Cool visual!
@SuperVstech well i wanted to give someone else a turn. I didnt want to hog all the glory. Just joking. Its amazing the different reponses. From different channel's or sites.
Robert Leitch exactly.
Proper system service in modern cars requires replacement of the condenser, because there is no way to clear the parallel flow radiators ...
Switches go bad too, i once wired or supplied the clutch with 12 volts because the dam switch went out. Worked great.
Also on some ford compressor's if your clutch statts to slip you can take an 8mm wrench and unscrew the fastner and remove one or more of the washers to get ya til the next ac shop for proper repair. Or if your like me when the AC shop gives you the quote to repair your system you go buy the gauges and vacuum pump, parts you need. Do it yourself. Save yourself some money and learn something teach your kids. Then you can make a vacuum chamber.
@SuperVstech i prefer the horizontal flow condenser so they clogg sooner. 😂
To wash his chain mail he jumps into the washing machine with it on. Legend says he never takes it off.
@1Walrus23 isn't Mars' gravity weaker than Earth's?
@Martin Verrisin You never watched videos of people destroying washing machines, have you?
I can assure you it's quite entertaining.
@Andre Gon XDXD ok
@Danko Stojanovic “Build a man a fire, and he'll be warm for a day. Set a man on fire, and he'll be warm for the rest of his life.” --Terry Pratchett
@1Walrus23 actually for chainmail reason, like puncture resistance, and to get back in shape
16:11 I like that you kept this in. I feel like it was a mistake but just shows us how real your channel is.
5:42 Me shouting "Close the valve Cody!"
@Cody'sLab Although your hair looks intact throughout, so all good in the end.
And what about later at 12:42? Propane is flammable and not cheap!
@GRBTutorials propane is pretty cheap, costs like 10 bucks to refill a 20lb cylinder
Demonic Koala Well, yeah, “cheap” relative to other gases, but still flammable. And what’s the point in not closing the valve?
Probably just liquid propane in the hose, the valve is already closed ;)
I wonder if Cody's hair gets snagged in that chain mail ...
@Cody'sLab The hair or the chain maiil? :p
@Gareth Evans Use sand bags. WAY cheaper, and you can pack quite a bit of weight on. I have a 140 lb one i'm using right now, made from a recycled kevlar plate carrier and some old plastic fedex package slips sealed with duct tape to hold the sand. If you wanna be discreet and fancy, use ziploc bags for the sand and sew them into a sweatshirt. I also highly recommend leg/arm weights.
@Cody'sLab The weight of the mail pulling down can pinch a hair where the rings intersect. Say if you shift positions and allowed the rings to pull apart then stood up and gravity pulled the rings 'tight' again
@Gareth Evans Milo of Croton.
Only recently... maybe
At 16:15 there was a glitch in the matrix
Looks like he forgot to cut a his first take of the notice it got cold line
You may have noticed the glitch in the matrix ;)
Why am i laughing so much
I wonder how that happened... Must have something to do with editing (*wink wink*)
Loukas Hareangas I love that he kept that in there. Creators almost never use the first take, unless it’s better than the following takes haha
(10:45) Top left corner "A1ryrmyVue0" ... oh... guess I'm not the only 1 to see it.
There was another one durning the beginnning of the video, I didn't catch it nor do I remember where it was at, but I just assumed it was a correction that happened very fast, but maybe it wasn't it
@Awesome Power Cat look at your hyper text transfer protocol display.
Wow, that was 20ms if i calculated it correctly, damn that was fast
i saw it and checked the comments lol
Is this the the password for WiFi
Does this mean there is such thing as partial peer pressure?
Yes, the way it truly manifests itself is that the IQ of a group of young males is equal to that of the lowest individual divided by the number of individuals in the group.
come on man, just take one lil' hi--
only if your friends are all airheads.
@Sion Hahaha!
@Alex T Thanks :D
Holy crap... Someone on YouTube who doesn't say freon when they're talking about refrigerant.👍👍
Now you just have to work on "expecially" and "acrossed." 😁
take a moment to remember the "a" in "aluminium"
Freon was a term which I was always told specifically identified R12 (Chloroflourocarbon or CFC), so yeah I don't think Cody would ever make that mistake. I used to work on A/C systems for passenger trains in the early 90's around the time of the switch to R134a.
Robert Leitch - Freon is a brand name for several refrigerants, but the layman has resorted to using the name as a catch-all for any refrigerant in the same way that Vaseline has become a catch-all term for petroleum jelly based products.
@Random Nobody very true
acrosst triggers me deeply
Do you wear chainmail on a daily basis?
@Beau LaForge tbh I got a little tilted but I decided to ignore because yeah, I'm a fuckin' wimp.
He should carry a weapon every day to complete the out fit
It's great if the cops in your area are taser-happy…
Austin Koble
Although our alien overlord lizard men in black have control of our frontal lobes via alpha wave transmitters, copper refracts the energy into endorphins which enhance our perspective of the drudgery we our deceived into believing our lives are.
True story
I wore a 42lb / 19kg mail shirt at a LRP event some time back, was a bit of a tight fit so I could not remove it single handed and wore it day and knight for the 5 day event which involved a Lot of fighting and running across field & woods etc...
After a day I forgot I was wearing it, once finally removed it was like walking on air !!!
Another proof today, Epoxi used to attach glass to copper will hold to 150psi+.
I was waiting for the pop, and hoping Cody had a face shield on, but it looks like my fear was unnecessary this time.
And it's maybe .05 square inches? That's a whopping 7.5lbf pushing the glass out.
I'm supposed to be working on my thermodynamics class and here I am... Huh wait? This is thermodynamics!, well, without the maths ^^
who needs maths when you have refrigerants.
That mean were getting a hydraulics AvE collab soon?!
11:29 I think it's important to not mix up big N (number of particles) and small n (moles of gas). PV = nRT = NkT, where R is avogadro's number times the boltzmann constant k.
I wasn't taught that R = NˇA kˇB in chemical engineering, interesting.
(The A and B are supposed to be subscript there but I found that unfortunately subscript capital letters are something even Unicode has a dire lack of ☹)
16:11 dramatic turn You may have noticed!
That's a very memeable bit right there, I might use it in online arguments.
I think I might be missing something based on the explanation of the lowering of boiling points when two liquids are mixed. In an ideal system, the vapor pressures would add according to Raoult's law. There are only deviations when there is an intermolecular interaction between the species in liquid (compared to self interaction) form causing it to "pull" the molecules away from being able to evaporate (Or the other way around). This explains why adding solutes raises the boiling point of water and adding ethanol lowers it (because ethanol interacts less with water than water itself). Im not sure the explanation of simply mixing organic solvents to create fast drying paint is adequate although I understand why considering that could be a whole other video. If I missed something let me know so I understand this correctly.
FlaggedVideoGuy look at this way with regards to paint add only light solvents and you need to maintain the paint under pressure or solvents will dry off far too quickly, add only heavy and it will take longer to evaporate leading to slowly drying paint.
the volume inside the ball valve connecting the 2 would put your numbers out a bit.
I was going to say that xD I'm glad I checked the comments to see if anyone else had the same thought.
@Micah Misanthrope Same for me. Another type of valve that doesn't have a closed space inside of it would be better for that, e.g. a needle valve.
Yep
As a chemist, I’m scared every day even if I know I setup the experiment correctly. I always think of the what if’s. Every video that you upload using constructed apparatuses scares the hell out of me. I have Assume This Is A Michael Bay Movie Syndrome. I expect everything to explode.
im old and wise so i knew that and i still carry a plastic container of liquified petroleum gas in my pocket every day, only retained by a cheap plastic mass produced valve , what a mad man (can you guess what it is)
ill give you a clue i refill it with a can of liquified petroleum gas which sprays all over the place as i do so , yet i live , how can this be
Hehe, let's hope liquid propane and liquid R-134 don't weaken or dissolve epoxy!
Pretty sure he tests his stuff beforehand, and if it goes up in flames we won't see the video (or him for that matter).
True, many chemists died of explosions in history.
Just stay scared miss, it helps you to stay safe.
Gotta love how much he enjoys this experiment
Reminds me of Richard Feynman.
12:50 thats exactly what passed through my mind. lol
Don't you just love the smell of propane in the moring?
11:23 I always called it the Pervert Law
WOW I'm impressed with JBweld, I didn't think that it would hold 190 PSI on glass and copper!
@Happy Mad Scientist my dad JB welded part of a cylinder on his Nissan pick-up after the block cracked. Held together for another 100,000 miles.
As kid, used to be very hard on bicycles with jumping and off riding in the woods. Broke the frame in half near the pedal casing, JB'ed it and road it until it took a swim in an old strip pit. JB is some strong stuff.
@Marcus Colwell Wow that's insane!
There is a video on here where a guy makes a head for a lawnmower engine out of JB weld. Its also approved to repair cracks on plane engine blocks. So yea, very strong stuff
@Davis Donnell I saw that video, JB weld is crazy!
Seriously great video, but i have some objections.
This is only true if you don't mix the liquids. If you physically mix the liquid, the resulting mixture will have a different vapor pressure. This happens for example with ethanol and water. The reason for this is the change of evaporation rate of the components of the mixture. Think about having a 99% water 1% ethanol mixture, its boiling point is higher than that of pure ethanol. The vapor pressure of the Ethanol is gonna be a lot lower, because it is a lot less likely for a ethanol molecule to go from the liquid phase into the gas phase, because there are a lot less ethanol molecules present at the liquid-vapor-phase-transition (only 1% as many as in pure ethanol). It is true, that there is often (maby always) a mixing ratio of two liquids, that has a lower boiling point than both liquids it is comprised of, but the statement that:"the mixture of one or more liquids will boil at a lower tempreature than any of the liquids that comprise it" is false in my opinion. (think of 1% ethanol 99% water)
It reminds me of a system to prevent co2 from escaping a sparkling brevage by using a pump to put compressed air in the half empty bottle... When I tried to explain that this would fail because what matters is the Partial pressure of CO2 and that air is only 400ppm CO2, many people wouldn't believe me...
It can even be dangerous if the pressure gets to high. Of course some N2 and O2 could dissolve in the beverage but it would be slow. Also at the end of the day, even if the bottle doesn't leak or explode, the CO2 is gone and you have added O2 that can oxydize molecules and have a bad effect on taste.
@Jackson Percy Pure Co2, yeah. That's how it's done IIRC. And now I know why. (I always wondered why not put some inert gas)
Given you don't use glass bottles, I just press them together so make the "empty" space smaller. If the bottle is still somewhat full, the CO2 has enough pressure to re-compress the whole bottle, making it look normal again, but after you open it again one or two times, it will stay crumbled and you lose less CO2.
@whuzzzup:
If you compress the PET bottle to reduce the space over the liquid, the CO2 eventually leaves the liquid and inflates the PET bottle. So, you lose CO2 that way. The solution is to compress the PET bottle and prevent it from reinflating by putting a belt around it or something. Or better yet, pump some more CO2 into your cola bottle.
just open it upside down like a normal person
Oh, so the CO2 will always act as if it alone occupied that volume anyways? So nothing will change except that the overall pressure will increase?
Manhattan Project:
“Hey, the math ain’t working out.”
“Close enough.”
how many different liquids can you mix together to maximize this phenomenon?
could you make a super high vapor pressure mixture that boils a few drops in mere seconds by mixing enough liquids?
liquid oxygen boils pretty fast at room temp
@Stone Mug yeah but my intention is to have something where you separate the liquids by a thin film in a container and by shaking the container it will mix and start boiling rapidly
neutrocity you would end up with something such as non stabilised crude petroleum. It contains substances that are very light ethane propane and such trailing all the way to heavy molecules that are used to make asphalt.
Notice that you vaporise the light bits more easily, but along the process the composition changes, leading to a mixture containing almost only the heaviest fractions towards the end. But you cannot speed up the vaporisation unless you do something such as add significant heat, either because there is something doing that or because the substance boils at cryogenic temperature and heat is added from the environment constantly.
what's with "A1rmryVue0" in the corner at 10:45?
you saw it too....
He looked baked in this video. Wtf was he gonna say about it getting cold? Such a weird way to end a video.
@JMz Are you projecting because you saw it too? damn it all now I want cookies....
Put that into the youtube URL after the watch?v= and you get his editing video… it’s a hidden video.
Making me miss chemistry and physics 😭😭
Cody, I’d love it if you could explain one of the theories related to this I can’t wrap my head around. There are several automotive sources that claim filling your tires with pure nitrogen either prevents or drastically reduces effect of temperature changes on tire pressure. Based on PV=nRT, I could never understand how it could matter which gas or gasses were in the tire. Can you shed some light?
I sense another video coming
Air has some water in it. Pure nitrogen does not. Water in the tire will increase effect of temperature changes.
@Matthew Reber - Airplanes use nitrogen for 2 reasons: 1 - Because 200 PSI oxygen in presence of rubber, hydraulic fluid, etc, in a hard braking event where the tires overheated (3x the deformity of road tires, 8x the pressure) caused the superheated rubber to reach the autoignition temperature on 3 different flights and high pressure oxygen resulted in an explosion. Nitrogen is inert. They changed the rules in 1987. And, 2 - Because of the dangers of water vaporization at extreme temperatures.
I remember listening a comentator on a F1 race, that they do it because air contains water. The high temperatures causes it to boil and slightly change the pressures. I presume Dry air will work the same, but is just easier to use bottled Nitrogen.
I think (though not sure) it may be that oxygen under high pressure/temp may be slightly more reactive and may cause slightly more wear than nitrogen.
Hank Hill would be disappointed with your propane safety skills son
The law of pressures at a party means bad things start to happen
"welcome back to my lab"
lots of youtubers been changing their channels names recently...
is your channel going to be called "my-lab"? better make an announcement vid so people will know
12:05 "but with two liquefiable gasses."
My god, Cody, he has gone mad with power, mad I say you.
Gotta watch this more than once...
1:41
POW!
"Hey there everyone. This week's video was delayed because a glass vial blew up in my face. Here's the footage of it exploding."
..And just realized Cody’s thumbs-up at the end is the same as the ‘like’ symbol, and probably his subtle version of normal “comment, like, and subscribe.”
That is exactly why I started doing it.
Enforcer of Raoult's law: "Wait, that's illegal!"
"Nobody strike a match" ~Cody 2019
Hey Cody, could you use this apparatus to do something on Raoult's law and positive/negative azeotropes? It would be an interesting next step.
I have to travel a lot more than 4,5 metres in order to run into anybody :(
"We're not living in the perfect world!" hahahaha
Awesome video, Cody. Thank you for posting
@4:09 you describe particles as having "perfectly elastic collisions". Is that really true? Love your channel, btw!
Just Some Bigfoot With Internet Access - 2019-02-24
You should do a colab with Cody'sBLab
PJ Lawrence - 2019-03-01
A co-lab? :D
Callum's random channel 2006 - 2019-03-03
Cody'sBlab is cody's second channel
Trymatic - 2019-03-17
Callum's random channel 2006
The joke ————>
You
J B - 2019-06-01
Didn’t he have a video in Colorado? Cody’sCO.co-blab/co-lab... celebration
J B - 2019-06-01
Bam-ba-lam