Dug - 2023-12-28
EA ep 7 ETN overview and characterization correction: ***ETN has a pyrovalence of -2. If ETN detonated with CO product, it would then be -10, but it likely does not under normal conditions*** References: US patent 1691954 DuPont Thermal Decomposition of Erythritol Tetranitrate, oxley Increased Handling Sensitivity of Molten Erythritol Tetranitrate, los alamos Blast waves and Fragmentation Velocities of Erythritol Tetranitrate, Tagawa Explosive Properties of Erythritol Tetranitrate, Matyas Characterization of Erythritol Tetranitrate, Matyas Explosive Performance Properties of Erythritol Tetranitrate, Manner
Download these before it's too late guys, this is the most in depth and interesting info I have ever come across on energetics.
Like, youtube premium download? How do you download it?
Can you please send your download for part 2? I missed it😔
Chef Dugan with more world class recipes
This is one of my favorite, I get huge yields when I make it. It works well in melt cast.
That's quite the sensitivity change while melted, I wasn't expecting it to be worse than tatp. Just a bit spooky.
This stuff is known to be having extremely loud sound when detonated even despite its minimal amount compare to other energetic materials. I once tested it inside the closed environment( concrete hut in garden) , it was only 0.5grams of ETN wrapped in Al foil and another layer of rocket mixture wrapped around it , to cause heat shock detonation. It was so fricking loud for that small amount, with a deep pitch violent explosion sound and bright flash of explosion seen from window of hut, it was louder than 12cal shotgun or 10grams of flash powder report. I also did place piece of aluminum on it to see brisance effect and i was shocked, it penetrated through both sides of rectangular aluminium profile tubing. I was with my friend at the moment. People thought it was gunshot or sort of accidental gas leakage explosion and i heard distant police sirens, somebody started knocking all neighbouring doors including ours, but we didn't open it and kept silence until they gone lol. Then i promised myself not to play with this stuff again lol.
You're just the gosh darn greatest out there!!!
Man that sweet, sweet, 8,000 mps sugar substitute 😍 excellent video and great information. Miss you and love you man. Great to have you back 🙏
People like to spread a lot of stories and fear around ETN, but I think most of them come from, like you said, people who are inexperienced and are messing around with ETN in its melt phase. I found your comparison to nitroglycerin quite enlightening, and I think if more people treated molten ETN with the same level of care that they treat NG, then a lot less accidents would happen. I only ever melt casted ETN once and I was extremely careful with it, because I knew of the dangers. I had hot water that was just barely above it's melting point and I melted it in silicone molds so it was as soft as possible to avoid as much shock and friction as possible. It was still extremely stressful and I would probably not ever do it again.
Walmart carries erythritol now, even in small towns. It’s like $7 per pound though. Copper compounds tend to be detonation catalysts, it may well be the oxide layer on the copper foil that’s making it detonate so consistently.
It’s definitely the copper oxide. I tried mixing a small arbitrary amount of CuO and ETN then heat shocked it. It went off every time out of dozens of small scale experiments. I can’t speak to any sensitivity increase but it definitely catalyzes detonation.
Dude what is your profession like are you a chemist? Your videos are the best I've seen on energetics period you know your stuff man I applaud you
When he was young he joined the army and was a demolitions guy so this was his whole world for awhile but he still is very actively interested and experimenting. He did an early successfully YouTube gun tv show before being diagnosed with MS, his names Dugan ashley
Yes I suspected the molten phase was a lot more sensitive, but it is very much so.... Okay. Well, you can cast it into a cardboard casing. With paraffin it should be less sensitive and more stable. It has to be molten though. I don't know what the paraffin and the molten phase values will be sensitive, or the mixture its sensitivity when its not molten anymore. But it is said that in a 1:1 ratio ETN is used with paraffin as rpg-7 warhead filler. No way of telling if the internet info is actually true. It did work.
With silver double salts I found it hard to detonate straight powdered ETN. But when I used a squashed and powdered matchhead to mix with the ETN powder no issues with the detonator were found. No clue about the sensitivity and the chemical stability of the matchhead and ETN mixture.
Only make detonators that you will use on that day. Never store explosives for a long time. Something with a lid can get sublimate from explosives on them and create dangerous situations when you open the lid and friction sets of the whole jar of explosives. So its best not to use jars or to store for a long time.
If you want to cast things into HE use TNT it has a low melt temperature of 81C and you can mix all sorts of things in it from balancing the oxygen balance with ammoniumnitrate and aluminum powder, to casting dry-washing agent tetrachloroethylene or other gas producing agents into the explosive.
Greetings,
Jeff
We use to skip school and make ETN many many years ago. Good days
Bro you from afaganistan or something xDDD
@@nikoivan2580 Afghanistan doesn't know ** on us
@@nikoivan2580 people in afghanistan aren't making ETN, they're making TATP, HMTD, and using ammonium nitrate based secondaries as well as military explosives. ETN is definitely a first world thing.
@@bobbyc2768 I love the smell of pure TATP, best white powder to sniff...
guessing by your name we live in the same country. i know the netherlands can become abit hardcore when it comes to new year´s eve. when 16 inch shells are just thrown onto soccer fields and cobra´s flying trough the streets but i didn´t know that there are more dutchies like me who are interested in this kinda stuff. let´s hope it doesn´t travel all the way to Amsterdam or Rotterdam cause we already have enough trouble with people blowing up each others doors and windows😂
Dugan do you want us liking and commenting? You want this channel to... blow up?
Good question.
In a previous video he said that he does not care about likes or subscribers.
I was waiting for a ETN video, happy to see one :)
ETN my beloved
You are looking and sounding really fucking good brother. God bless.
Love this video! Looking forward to part 2.
The chef is back cooking 👨🍳
It might be pointed out in the second video, but it should also be known that ETN has notoriously bad stability (even days after synthesis) unless it has been recrystallized in a slightly basic solution. NOx scavengers like 2-NDPA or centralite can help though and can be included in a basic recryst solution in Acetone.
Generally though, energetics shouldn’t be stored for long periods, and especially nitrate esters which have defined shelf lives.
Use methanol for a fine powder instead of the crunchy crystalline product from acetone recrystalizstion and use a little urea in your water as the acid scavenger. You’ll probably like the product a lot more.
Urea or dicyandiamide also work well on stabilizing ETN, dumping the acetone or methanol solution to 5% urea solution works well.
@@劉樂山 I’ll use about a 5% urea solution like you suggested, I’ll usually just eyeball it with diesel exhaust fluid and some distilled water. Methanol is way better for pressing the powder because of the tiny crystals compared to acetone. If you’re just going to melt cast it the solvent doesn’t really matter.
When will you put out part 2??
Great information, more important to know than most can even begin to understand. It’s also super fun.😂
if someone cant get nitric acid you can make it by getting sulfuric acid and add kno3 and heat it on a slight angle as the nitric acid is heavier than sulfuric acid
Erythritol also works for sweetening homebrewed stuff without restarting fermentation. Yeast can't digest it.
The loose wires on the ceiling scream touched by an uncle.
Uncle Ted's workshop. 🤣
What a nice gift for christmas <3
Yoyoyoyoyooo
This is super informative and AMAZING information. Thank you!! There is a video of a guy melt casting TATP in a test tube (absolutely bonkers). I’d be curious to know the sensitivity of tatp in a liquid form😂
Lol just saw that😂
How do I turn my girlfriends ebt into etn
Love it, who doesn't love good old ETN? The oxygen balance makes it great for certain things that others like PETN, RDX, and even HMX can not do. Wesson Smith Jr. on YouTube (wessonsmith on Sciencemadness) makes a nice thermobaric mixture that takes advantage of its + oxygen balance and also makes a very nice plastic with it combined with NHN. I like the mixed acid method using 68-70% nitric acid and 98% sulfuric acid as opposed to the nitrate salt method most people use (mostly ammonium but sometimes potassium nitrate.) I find the mixed acid method is easier to control temperature, easier to stir efficiently since it's not a freaking glob, yields are better, and the synthesis goes a little quicker though I still let it nitrate for 2 hours just to get the best yield. Nice video though, so what's next? PETN? NHN? HMX?
Probably some practical field stuff. Charges detonators, PBXs.
@@duganashley1337 Nice! I blew up some detonators for New Years when everyone was doing fireworks, was a good time. My detonators are way overpowered, they're almost a detonator and booster in one. They're made in a 3ml syringe with a luer lock cap on the bottom to seal that end and from bottom to top 1g melt cast etn, a layer of powdered etn, then 1.62g hard pressed HMTD which is a lot but it's what fits in that space, and for anyone reading don't ever press HMTD by hand, I use a jig similar to the one in the Improvised Munitions handbook under the "detonators" section but modified, there are AR500 armor steel shooting targets in between me and the cap I'm pressing and all body parts including the hand operating it are behind that and several feet from the cap. Above the HMTD is the rubber part from the plunger of the syringe that is pulled off of the plastic plunger and a hole punched through the middle where a fuse is pulled through and stuck into the top of the HMTD (the top half inch of HMTD is not pressed so the fuse will go into it) and then the rubber part is pushed down and compacts that loose HMTD slightly and keeps everything together, it's pushed down until it's slightly below the top of the syringe and then the whole top is covered with gorilla hot glue. Makes serious power and also there is zero shrapnel risk, I've done tests where I contained them in everything imaginable, drilling a block of wood and sticking it in there and then in a vented metal box and other tests just in the vented box, and from what I can tell the plastic body of the syringe is completely vaporized instantly with the only thing left being a piece of plastic about as thin as a wire but instead of the hard plastic it started as it's more the consistency of rubber. I'd really like to switch my primary to NHN in future caps for but I tried making some and failed, going to try again some time as I think the issue was that I failed at freebasing hydrazine sulfate into hydrazine hydrate. Sorry for the long post, detonators are a subject I love with all of my cold lonely heart.
Hey man. I'm getting some requests to have you come back on the channel. Is that something you'd be open to? Happy new year brother.
Im keeping low profile dont want to draw attention, just want to get videos out. Happy new year
@@duganashley1337 I feel you brother. Good to see you active again and I'm lovin the content. Keep it up man. Happy new year to you too. Can't wait for pt 2
Ciao ! Sono un chimico che si occupa di esplosivi. Io credo che l'ETN sia l'esplosivo più interessante nella categoria dei secondari sensibili. La sua potenza è di gran lunga superiore al C4, Semtex e altri. Per la sintesi utilizzo 8 litri di acido nitrico al 65%, 12 litri di acido solforico al 98% e 3 chilogrammi di eritritolo a velo 325 mesh a una temperatura iniziale di 5 C° e lasciando riposare la miscela a 20 C° per 1 ora. La resa è quantititativa, si ottengono quasi 6 chilogrammi di ETN che deve essere poi ricristallizzato con acetone. Puoi fonderlo a 65 C° sulla piastra riscaldante, ottimo per petardi e qualsiasi altro impiego... Come primario utilizzo l' NHN (nichel idrazina nitrato)... Fenomenale.
ETN è sottovalutato dalla maggior parte dei professionisti. Concordo che sia molto capace. Io, come te, utilizzo una temperatura di reazione di 5 C e poi lascio salire a temperatura ambiente con grandi rese. Ho usato alcol isopropilico come solvente per la ricristallizzazione. Funziona bene. Se ti piace NHN, probabilmente ti piacerà NAP. Pubblicherò le istruzioni per il complesso isopropanolico di NAP che è ancora più sicuro e insensibile. Ha un potere di innesco straordinario e può essere utilizzato come materiale mono nei detonatori. Il vantaggio più grande è che per iniziare sono necessarie solo quantità minime. È molto efficiente in un detonatore a due stadi con ETN come secondo stadio.
How about some numbers regarding initial product>recrystallization, also plastesized numbers😊
Would love to see pt2
Dugan,
I send "Hold an AK" to every one of my girlfriends and now I'm almost 27 and single. I love your song but its ruined my life. What do?
You can bake erythritol cookies for women
@@duganashley1337 Nice. 💩👌
@@duganashley1337 Would be funny to add a video cooking a batch of cookies with erythritol!
So if powder ETN is safer than the rest? So if I made some filtered it, then recrystallize it in Ethanol to get smaller crystals it would be safer than the rest?
is it recrystallize in Ethanol and water or only Ethanol?
I'm not sure if I understand the question. ETN is more insensitive in solid phase than melt phase. In melt phase it can detonate from only a strong tap. ETN is insoluble in water and soluble in alcohols. Hope that answers the question
@@duganashley1337 Ah I realized my English was broken in the first comment I was asking if the little crystals were safer than the melt cast, but thanks for your response
The smallest crystals Ive found come from 91% isopropanol recrystallization. It creates a sponge that can be easily broken into a fine powder. Acetone and ethanol both form larger crystals than IPA, more like sugar crystals. The larger crystals should in theory be more sensitive than the powder, but I havent tested this. I dont feel casted ETN is particularly sensitive. When it is liquid it is very sensitive but when it cools and rehardens, it seems quite insensitive. I have had no detonations pressing the casted ETN into detonator caps.@@_Kommissar_
@@duganashley1337 When I use Erythritol:10g
H2so4:100g = 51cc
Nh4no3=40g
Etn:23g
and I filter then recrystallize In Ethanol I get these small white crystals that I usually try to smash as thin as possible while in the Ethanol, would you recommend the powder over the small crystals? I mean I get them pretty small to where it's almost like a powder but if you really look closely you can still tell that they are crystals.
@@_Kommissar_the powder is better for pressing and should be safer than the larger crystals.
I'm intrigued to know what you'd use to balance it, my first thought was diesel (or in the spirit of keeping it "organic", biodiesel). Would also be interesting to see the performance difference between raw ETN and "balanced" ETN.
diesel could work depending what you're trying to do, better would be another high explosive that has a negative oxygen balance in the right ratio, or if you're plasticizing, HTPB is great because it's a fuel and will take advantage of that positive oxygen balance of ETN (wesson smith on sciencemadness and youtube makes a great PBX with ETN and NHN with HTPB) or I like plastics that use both ETN and PETN, not only because PETN has a slight negative O2 balance but because ETN and PETN will have different particle sizes the way most people recrystallize each and having the smaller particle size of PETN and the slightly larger particle size of powdered ETN help make a very dense plastic which is what you want in a PBX for maximum efficiency and effectiveness (higher det velocity due to the higher density allowing the det wave to travel through the material more efficiently and having more energetic materials packed into the same space.) Some people even melt cast TNT and ETN and take advantage of TNT's negative O2 balance. Others use the positive O2 balance of ETN to make some great thermobaric compositions, and in this way ETN is even better than more powerful HEs.
To quote wessonsmith from sciencemadness again: "Where things shine for ETN is in thermobaric mixtures based on a plastic fuel binder like HTPB. The difference is night and day even when compared to HMX. An HMX based thermobaric explosive mixture requires 10% of the total mixture to be made up of Ammonium Perchlorate. The ETN version doesn't require AP, so you are comparing two thermobaric compositions, ETN version that is 55% HE and the HMX version, which is 45% HE. That's 22% more HE in the ETN version, so ETN wins even though HMX is 14% more powerful than ETN."
He's done some great research into different PBX and thermobaric compositions as well as other subjects in high explosives, and shared that info with us all on sciencemadness though he's no longer active there. He does still have a few videos on youtube (wesson smith jr) that have not been taken down, though a lot have.
the boom boom shed
So once it's FULLY cooled after melt cast it's back to the sensitivity of powdered? Its just while melted and cooling that it's insane?
Exactly.
Hi Dugan, Thanks for all that you are doing. I have been watching your videos and reading the comments with great interest and apparently, ETN seems to be one of the more dangerous secondary explosives? so i was wondering what you think would be one of the more safer (both to manufacture and use) secondaries? something more suitable for someone just getting started. Thanks
PETN TNT and Nitromethane are more insensitive. ETN is safe, but its danger is from sensitized change >61 C. All explosives will detonate when their metastability thresholds are exceeded by heat and pressure. TNT or NM can take the most abuse and negligence. TNT can sometimes explode from fire, NM burns off unless impacted while burning, in which it detonates. All require primary explosives, more risky than secondaries. I recommend NAP. It is not beatable for performance/simplicity.
What do you think about Trinitronapthalene? Tetranitronapthalene is little bit stronger than TNT but need lods of Oleum to make. Trinitronapthalene should easier and save and non poisones or less .@@duganashley1337
@@Preyhawk81
Nicer TeNN vs TNN; making the last would be like making DNT or TNT while TeNN is reachable... regarding the price of toluen vs naphalene.
Onto the VOD analysis the p-dinitro-benzene and the 1,4,5,8-tetranitro-naphtalene are only the two first members of a family with a promising curve that goes above TNT.
C6H4(NO2)2; C8H4(NO2)4; C10H4(NO2)6... C(4+2n)H4(NO2)2n
The aromatic extended linear plane family tends to reach at the infinite a better OB that goes into the direction of perfection with 1 NO2 per C and almost no hydrogen; the density is quite exceptional and when knowing the parent HNB grasping the 10 km/s milestone...is a real thing.
Unfortunately the linear "scale" aromatic family is a bit tricky with regards to its photosensitivity (radicals, peroxides, ...) and probably heat sensitivity so one may extrapolate that from C12H4(NO2)8 synthesis and handling must become challenging.
PHZ
(PHILOU Zrealone from the Science Madness forum)
Why was your erythritol/acid solution purple? 3:55
Oh cool boom daddy is still alive
I wonder how does it compare to other sugar alcohol nitrate esters.
It’s way better than most others and pretty safe as well as being easier to make than most.
Will you do penta variant in the future?
nice class, thanks
Hi Dug. PETN more useful than ETN. I want to completely refuse ETN in my det caps because 61 degrees melting point. But PETN is more difficult to initiate and I have failures when I use NHN as an initiator. I have to use a strong steel body for a more reliable initiation and a lot of NHN. I use 0.4 PETN(H press) + 0.3 PETN(L press) + a mix of 0.2 + 0.2 ETN and NHN. It is quite large in size. 55x8mm. Maybe there is a way to strengthen NHN without using ETN?
I prefer silver nitrotetrazole and nickel amino guanidine diperchlorate for initiation because they initiate easily.
@@duganashley1337 Thanks for the answer. Your choice seems pretty logical, but I can't synthesize it yet. There are some very interesting nickel complexes. For example your NAP and Ni[(CH3CN)2](СlO4)2 - Diacetonitrile nickel perchlorate. But I still haven't tried to synthesize nickel perchlorate. Perhaps you know a good and simple way to do this? Also very interesting are the various compounds based on nitrotetrazole, but I have not yet reached their synthesis. There are many stages. I have synthesized some azides (because it's very simple) and they work very well, but I'm wary of using them. I did a lot of testing with peroxides, but I decided to avoid them. I also spent a couple of months studying copper complexes (TACP, CHP). It was an interesting experience, but it doesn't look foolproof. It captivates with its simplicity of synthesis and availability of components, but it pulls moisture from the air and the result is a little different each time. I'm not even sure that it produces pure material. It looks like there is a mixture of different complexes and substances that have not entered into the combination.
I have no experience with acetonitrile, but I always look forward to new complexes. I often wonder about cyanoguanidine/dicyandiamide. Carbohydrazide is another proven ligand for explosive complexes. Tetrazoles are similar to azides. They are also toxic like azides. Tetrazoles are generally more mechanically insensitive than azide and greater power. I have tried TACP/CHP. I dont think they are in the same ball park as primary explosives technologically. They are more of secondaries that can sometimes be detonated by heat. My recommendation is mercury fulminate/KClO3<SADS<Lead azide<Ag Azide<NAP/iNAP<AgNTz. So far out of all of what I've tried, iNAP is the all around easiest and highest performance. NTz are high performance, but longer preparation. iNAP can be made in about two hours from synthesis to firing and is very powerful for primaries. One of the highest power. Initiation is very important because misfiring is the most hazardous condition for explosive testing. Reliability and appropriate minimum power are necessary for a primary explosives to prevent dangerous misfiring when attempting to detonate a secondary. @@HowItWorks
For metal perchlorates/nitrates etc. I always prefer to use soluble metal salts and ammonium salts of ClO4 or NO3. That way all the ions are separate and mixed during the reaction. If using carbonates, CO2 will be observed confirming complexation. Ammonia will also be smelled if complexation occurs. @@HowItWorks
@@duganashley1337 what is iNAP ? Perhaps you can tell me a little more about this complex. This is new to me, but interesting.
It so happens that I have a lot of nickel nitrate. Therefore, it is not at all difficult for me to synthesize NHN. I also have hydrazine in any quantity. But I don’t like the DDT of this complex. I'm still looking for a good primary substance. I have a reference book containing several hundred substances, but it is very difficult to try everything. I need something that is not very difficult to synthesize, that is not very sensitive to mechanical stress, that does not react with metals and secondary substances, that is stable and does not evaporate or decompose for a long time. Looks like I'm looking for a miracle powder.
I also did a lot of research on secondary substances. I was able to make several versions of very simple but very interesting plastics. If you are interested, then we can talk about this topic. I can post my videos and photos somewhere, but not in the public domain.
Thank you a lot❤ can you uploud plasticizing ETN?
ETN is easy to make, and also easy to make a once in a lifetime mistake with.
Very nice
What are you guys using to download videos from youtube?
YouTube Downloader (Plugin for Firefox)
yt-dlp
Screen record and save to a thumb drive
@ihateugugle4808 - 2023-12-28
(Seriously) was following Dugan years ago on Youtube, D-live, Trovo, etc , His Warnings came True , Now finally found Dugan again, So Glad to to see you Healthy, Joking again, and Happy , God Bless You Sir ✝️ and Thank You from all of us Fans and Followers ❤
@TheSubieFan - 2023-12-28
What were his warnings?
@nobody4248 - 2023-12-28
@@TheSubieFanHis stuff will be deleted I guess
@NotTheRealRustyShackleford - 2023-12-28
@@TheSubieFanHe called out the rona as being lab engineered before just about anyone else. He also predicted the rise in anti jewish sentiment, the real reason immigration is running unchecked, and pointed out potential routes to WW3 we have been meandering down for a while now. None of this is news to people who have been paying attention for a while, but the normies just couldn't understand.
@PotatoeJoe69 - 2023-12-28
@@NotTheRealRustyShacklefordWell for one... The Coronovoris COVID-19 came from Wuhan, China (which we all know) -- and in Wuhan, China, literally exists the "Wuhan Institute of Virology", which contains and tests.... you guessed it..... Coronaviruses.
@chemistryofquestionablequa6252 - 2023-12-28
@@NotTheRealRustyShackleford he’s surprisingly based for a semi public figure.