minutephysics - 2021-05-19
Thanks to Google for sponsoring a portion of this video! Support MinutePhysics on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/minutephysics This video is about using Bohmian trajectories to visualize the wavefunctions of hydrogen orbitals, rendered in 3D using custom python code in Blender. REFERENCES A Suggested Interpretation of the Quantum Theory in Terms of "Hidden" Variables. I David Bohm, Physical Review, Vol 85 No. 2, January 15, 1952 Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics J. S. Bell Trajectory construction of Dirac evolution Peter Holland The de Broglie-Bohm Causal Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics and its Application to some Simple Systems by Caroline Colijn Bohmian Trajectories as the Foundation of Quantum Mechanics http://arxiv.org/abs/0912.2666v1 The Pilot-Wave Perspective on Quantum Scattering and Tunneling http://arxiv.org/abs/1210.7265v2 A Quantum Potential Description of One-Dimensional Time-Dependent Scattering From Square Barriers and Square Wells Dewdney, Foundations of Physics, VoL 12, No. 1, 1982 Link to Patreon Supporters: http://www.minutephysics.com/supporters/ MinutePhysics is on twitter - @minutephysics And facebook - http://facebook.com/minutephysics Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute! Created by Henry Reich
Leave it to Henry to use custom python code in Blender to make pretty pretty physics.
Did you guys ever collaborate?
@Science Revolution WTF? 😂😂
@Science Revolution you need help.
@Science Revolution STOP SWALLOWING YOUR OWN SHIT
henry didnt code this lmao
Can you model chemical bonds with the same technique? I'd love to especially see what double and triple bonds "really" look like.
That theory is all wrong. Atoms must be solid building blocks to be able to form into solid matters.
Atoms and the universe
Every atom is a perpetual machine, build.by indestructible electrically charged material. For example, a ball sealed inside of a double shell. The ball and inner shell are positively charged and the outer shell is negatively charged. The net charge is zero, the total charge is 2. Suppose it is hydrogen atom in reality.
Is it a perpetual machine? Yes
What can it do?
It attracts another atom at infinite distance. The net Coulomb ‘s Force between their charged atom part is always attraction force which proportional to the product of the mass/total charges and inversely proportional to distance square.
This is the mechanism of gravity.
The surfaces of the two atoms are repelling each other with Coulomb ‘s Force therefore sharing oscillating electricity. This is the mechanism of radiation, light, EM waves.
now if there is a negatively charged fluid/water in existing, it will float above atoms’ outer shell and oscillating at nature frequency.
Metal atoms have this fluid locked on their surfaces therefore conductive.
There is no electrons passing through copper wire. Current is the fluid moving on the surface of copper atoms.
Use this atomic structure model to explain all nature phenomena?
The more atoms/mass gathered together by gravity, the higher energy density and atoms oscillating at higher voltage. Bigger star is hotter. Heat can only flow one direction. The mechanism of second thermal dynamic
law.
There is no light/heat/energy/radiation travel in space. There is no gravity wave, there is no black hole.
Every atom is a seed of life. Life is electricity within matters.
The mystery is atom itself, the parts and their Coulomb’s Force.
God created atoms and fall asleep forever.
The amount of charge of the ball, inner shell, outer shell and floating fluid, govern the properties of the atom.
Oxygen atom has the highest ball to inner shell charge ratio. Able to carry more kinetic energy than other atoms. Water has the highest heat capacity.
When two oxygen atoms merged by photosynthesis the kinetic energy locked within atoms becomes potential energy.
Hydrogen atom and carbon atoms are easily merge with oxygen pairs to release the stored energy to produce heat.
Energy is not stored in hydrogen and carbon atoms. Oxygen pairs is the energy source of all life forms.
Keep breathing.
C + O2 = CO2 + energy
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O + energy
Oscillating electricity/sunlight + H2O + CO2. Produces O2 and sugars.
Keep thinking.
What is energy? Where is energy? How energy is stored in atoms? How energy is released from atoms?
Sunlight is within earth surface and atmosphere moving westward forever.
No oscillating electricity/energy/light/radiation exist in vacuum space at all.
The universe is self-existed. Keep changing evolving rolling forever.
We are the passenger.
That theory is all wrong. Atoms must be solid building blocks to be able to form into solid matters.
Atoms and the universe
Every atom is a perpetual machine, build.by indestructible electrically charged material. For example, a ball sealed inside of a double shell. The ball and inner shell are positively charged and the outer shell is negatively charged. The net charge is zero, the total charge is 2. Suppose it is hydrogen atom in reality.
Is it a perpetual machine? Yes
What can it do?
It attracts another atom at infinite distance. The net Coulomb ‘s Force between their charged atom part is always attraction force which proportional to the product of the mass/total charges and inversely proportional to distance square.
This is the mechanism of gravity.
The surfaces of the two atoms are repelling each other with Coulomb ‘s Force therefore sharing oscillating electricity. This is the mechanism of radiation, light, EM waves.
now if there is a negatively charged fluid/water in existing, it will float above atoms’ outer shell and oscillating at nature frequency.
Metal atoms have this fluid locked on their surfaces therefore conductive.
There is no electrons passing through copper wire. Current is the fluid moving on the surface of copper atoms.
Use this atomic structure model to explain all nature phenomena?
The more atoms/mass gathered together by gravity, the higher energy density and atoms oscillating at higher voltage. Bigger star is hotter. Heat can only flow one direction. The mechanism of second thermal dynamic
law.
There is no light/heat/energy/radiation travel in space. There is no gravity wave, there is no black hole.
Every atom is a seed of life. Life is electricity within matters.
The mystery is atom itself, the parts and their Coulomb’s Force.
God created atoms and fall asleep forever.
The amount of charge of the ball, inner shell, outer shell and floating fluid, govern the properties of the atom.
Oxygen atom has the highest ball to inner shell charge ratio. Able to carry more kinetic energy than other atoms. Water has the highest heat capacity.
When two oxygen atoms merged by photosynthesis the kinetic energy locked within atoms becomes potential energy.
Hydrogen atom and carbon atoms are easily merge with oxygen pairs to release the stored energy to produce heat.
Energy is not stored in hydrogen and carbon atoms. Oxygen pairs is the energy source of all life forms.
Keep breathing.
C + O2 = CO2 + energy
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O + energy
Oscillating electricity/sunlight + H2O + CO2. Produces O2 and sugars.
Keep thinking.
What is energy? Where is energy? How energy is stored in atoms? How energy is released from atoms?
Sunlight is within earth surface and atmosphere moving westward forever.
No oscillating electricity/energy/light/radiation exist in vacuum space at all.
The universe is self-existed. Keep changing evolving rolling forever.
We are the passenger.
@KGT UserCast oh yeah i learnt this in grade 11
@YumiYa A bond is the result of the electric forces and does hold atoms in close proximity to form a new substance. But that bond formation involves changing electrons from being part of the atoms (a single nucleus) to being part of the new substance (a compound with multiple nuclei). The original atomic orbital (wavefunction) is no longer applicable when discussing the bond, so a new molecular orbital (wavefunction) is computed that represents all the characteristics of the electron as part of the compound. Like atomic orbitals, a 3d estimate of how these molecular orbitals "look" can be generated.
yeah. sounds good
Would like to see a water molecule. The fact that the reason that water doesn't mix with oil is because water is polar and oil is non-polar. And, that fascinates the crap out of me.
It can with an emulsifier! Water hydrogen bonds with itself and it would need something to disturb the hydrogen bonds which are pretty strong. It’s why it takes so much energy to boil water. Soap is a really good emulsifier because it has a polar head and then non-polar tail which cleans very well. I always thought this part of biochem was very interesting.
Same tbh
@Vitória Icassatti I think molecules and interactions are both impossible to calculate and draw like this because of the three-body problem. technically all these wavefunctions are of the hydrogen atom because it only has two pieces
I could very likely be very wrong
@David Harper 🅥 They aren't impossible, Comsol and other tools are able to create such molecular interactions with constraints. Just that there would always be constraints on number of particles that can be simulated realistically, etc.
yeah intermolecular forces are insane
I love this so much, and wish I had it when I was in chemistry years ago. I would love to see one that shows what these look like when different atoms are bonded together.
I second this!!!
I think molecules and interactions are both impossible to calculate and draw like this because of the three-body problem. technically all these wavefunctions are of the hydrogen atom because it only has two pieces
I could very likely be very wrong
With the right software you can visualise them! If you work through the orbitals of the hydrogen atom you'll find a low energy orbital with high probability between the atoms, and a higher energy orbital with high probably on either side, and you could go higher still to see various (unpopulated) higher energy bonding modes! Something like Avogadro can do it for you, or if youre good with maths you can plot the equations yourself in 3D.
I am a retired scientist and I think this visualization is a huge step forward and very humble as well.
I'm sure this has already been said, but these would make the most fantastic screen savers. Also, you made me feel like I understand. My brain nopes out when I see equations like that, but your visual representation and brief explanation were deeply informative somehow. Tied some fuzzy concepts together for me.
Love the video, the images and visual models of atomics are absolutely stunning. You definitely made a model that is interesting and dynamic as compared to the traditional ones. However I do have to stress that, to someone who may just pop in and observe the model itself (consider a student in class being introduced to the model first before explanation), this looks like an atom has thousands of electrons. While I agree a model of some scientific process is just that, a general model that does not capture the full nature of the phenomena and is innately incomplete, I would (subjectively) argue that a model still needs to capture some basic information, and valence/ electron count are I would say more important in that respect (3D model). I will agree though, this model is incredibly useful for 99.8% of things outside a higher level undergrad physics course and supplementing it with your diagram takes the cake. You make atoms more delightful, pleasant and easily reachable. Great job and amazing video!
I love all the wavefunctions for the quantum states of the hydrogen atom. Schrodinger would be proud and Bohr would be in awe of this model. You are so incredible.
The best part of these are seeing the patterns that emerge on the atom, in a similar way that materials create patterns by sound.
"i want answers, like where is the electron?" - okay - "or how fast is it going?" - well pal, you're gonna have to pick lmao
@MANOJ KUMAR breaking bad😎
Where the concentration and darkness is heigher has the most probability to find an electron there
With D-Atoms speed of atom is more than speed of light
Heisenberg ftw
The electrons are free to move about in the entire volume surrounding the nucleus. The electrons executes back and forth motion about the nucleus rather than moving in closed orbits. It's movement is relevant to E = mc2 ( C square deserves as answer for your second query )
Not only do your orbital animations look really good but with my synaesthesia I can feel them and they feel kinda fuzzy or shaggy, very enjoyable. Great work!
As someone who is intensely fascinated by atomic physics but can’t picture things in my mind, thank you. So much. This… is what I’ve always wanted to see.
These are great, but there is one thing that could be better: when there is a cut, the "balls" just spawn or vanish. Wouldnt it be posible to actually cut the balls by the cutting plane? I think that would make the animations even better.
If he's using blender like physics girl said, it is possible if the particle objects he is using are editable geometry. A subtract boolean modifier could be applied to the region that we want to look at along with another mesh in the shape of whatever cut we want. It would be super easy, though it might require a forbiddingly high poly count on the instance mesh. Regardless, I don't really see the point in cutting the balls, as they're meant to represent possible positions of electrons. they're either there, or they're not
@God Dear God, thank you for the answer! I dont wish the balls were cut because of what they represent, I know that one half of a ball doesnt really represent something very useful. It would just be easier to see the movement of the balls. If a ball gradually disappears, it is easier to see that it leaves the visual part and how it leaves it and vice versa if a ball appears. When the balls just pop in and out of existance it is harder to see what is going on. At first I was a little confused and had to look more closely to understand it. I think that wouldnt be the case with gradually (dis)appearing balls. You also have to take this suggestion with a grain of salt. The visualisation is great, with or without this. I think it would just be a tiny bit better with it.
btw: whats the meaning of my life?
@pykapuka idk. tbh I just sneezed and the universe happened. I have no greater purpose for you, its up to you to find your own meaning in living because I don't really feel like finding it for you
@God Okay, thanks! And bless you!
Bro this was freaking epic! One you explain the concept of the orbitals and all of the technicalities with it. Two. Your graphics for this are astounding so simplistic and agreed so mesmerizing. Thanks for doing all the legwork and sharing this project with everyone.
It's just awesome!!! One suggestion, if you permit: Instead of using dots, try to use mist density to show the probability to find the electron. If it's not right there, i think that the mist will help to understand. The dot's suggest that there is thousand of particles there. Thanks a lot for this video!
@V Edwards I agree. Maybe DMT is the key to the perspective needed. Omm bing bong.
@Ilya Kiselev :D
That theory is all wrong. Atoms must be solid building blocks to be able to form into solid matters.
Atoms and the universe
Every atom is a perpetual machine, build.by indestructible electrically charged material. For example, a ball sealed inside of a double shell. The ball and inner shell are positively charged and the outer shell is negatively charged. The net charge is zero, the total charge is 2. Suppose it is hydrogen atom in reality.
Is it a perpetual machine? Yes
What can it do?
It attracts another atom at infinite distance. The net Coulomb ‘s Force between their charged atom part is always attraction force which proportional to the product of the mass/total charges and inversely proportional to distance square.
This is the mechanism of gravity.
The surfaces of the two atoms are repelling each other with Coulomb ‘s Force therefore sharing oscillating electricity. This is the mechanism of radiation, light, EM waves.
now if there is a negatively charged fluid/water in existing, it will float above atoms’ outer shell and oscillating at nature frequency.
Metal atoms have this fluid locked on their surfaces therefore conductive.
There is no electrons passing through copper wire. Current is the fluid moving on the surface of copper atoms.
Use this atomic structure model to explain all nature phenomena?
The more atoms/mass gathered together by gravity, the higher energy density and atoms oscillating at higher voltage. Bigger star is hotter. Heat can only flow one direction. The mechanism of second thermal dynamic
law.
There is no light/heat/energy/radiation travel in space. There is no gravity wave, there is no black hole.
Every atom is a seed of life. Life is electricity within matters.
The mystery is atom itself, the parts and their Coulomb’s Force.
God created atoms and fall asleep forever.
The amount of charge of the ball, inner shell, outer shell and floating fluid, govern the properties of the atom.
Oxygen atom has the highest ball to inner shell charge ratio. Able to carry more kinetic energy than other atoms. Water has the highest heat capacity.
When two oxygen atoms merged by photosynthesis the kinetic energy locked within atoms becomes potential energy.
Hydrogen atom and carbon atoms are easily merge with oxygen pairs to release the stored energy to produce heat.
Energy is not stored in hydrogen and carbon atoms. Oxygen pairs is the energy source of all life forms.
Keep breathing.
C + O2 = CO2 + energy
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O + energy
Oscillating electricity/sunlight + H2O + CO2. Produces O2 and sugars.
Keep thinking.
What is energy? Where is energy? How energy is stored in atoms? How energy is released from atoms?
Sunlight is within earth surface and atmosphere moving westward forever.
No oscillating electricity/energy/light/radiation exist in vacuum space at all.
The universe is self-existed. Keep changing evolving rolling forever.
We are the passenger.
@Just call me Jay He explains near the end of the video that each dot is a possible position of the electron. The problem with this explanation is that is suggests electrons are never in the positions between. How do they get from one position to the next without spending time in the space between them?
@Lubricus the slippery because.. mist.. moves.. is your brain a bit slow
Good work, I don’t think my mind had too much trouble extrapolating the more original cartoons into the conceptual idea of what was going on: but a new fresher view like this seems quite liberating. Again, thank you.
Great video, sir! I was almost able to follow you…and I offer some friendly constructive criticism, from one teacher to another. When you introduced the term “wave function”, I did not understand what that was in this context or how it related to what you had already said. I would also recommend explaining the dots much sooner after we first see them; I was wondering what they were and it kept me from being able to stay with what you were saying instead. This is by no means meant as an insult or trash talking; just a couple of suggestions from a layman who loves videos like these and tries hard to understand! And yes, those atoms are beautiful 😊
You have managed a rare feat, making an obtruse physics concept both interesting and beautiful, well done!
Beautiful. I’d love to see the polarity represented in these models too if possible
My science teacher is loving this video rn
@OJ Hateman Oh really? There's a thing called delete/edit button that we can use. Unfortunately its only for people with morals.
Damn you’re a jit? I thought you were a graduate already. Didn’t know you were still in hs.
Can any one help me to find what I see yesterday. Is it atom or something else?
https://youtu.be/imgwx5NLX-Y
@Science Revolution Can any one help me to find what I see yesterday. Is it atom or something else?
https://youtu.be/imgwx5NLX-Y
That theory is all wrong. Atoms must be solid building blocks to be able to form into solid matters.
Atoms and the universe
Every atom is a perpetual machine, build.by indestructible electrically charged material. For example, a ball sealed inside of a double shell. The ball and inner shell are positively charged and the outer shell is negatively charged. The net charge is zero, the total charge is 2. Suppose it is hydrogen atom in reality.
Is it a perpetual machine? Yes
What can it do?
It attracts another atom at infinite distance. The net Coulomb ‘s Force between their charged atom part is always attraction force which proportional to the product of the mass/total charges and inversely proportional to distance square.
This is the mechanism of gravity.
The surfaces of the two atoms are repelling each other with Coulomb ‘s Force therefore sharing oscillating electricity. This is the mechanism of radiation, light, EM waves.
now if there is a negatively charged fluid/water in existing, it will float above atoms’ outer shell and oscillating at nature frequency.
Metal atoms have this fluid locked on their surfaces therefore conductive.
There is no electrons passing through copper wire. Current is the fluid moving on the surface of copper atoms.
Use this atomic structure model to explain all nature phenomena?
The more atoms/mass gathered together by gravity, the higher energy density and atoms oscillating at higher voltage. Bigger star is hotter. Heat can only flow one direction. The mechanism of second thermal dynamic
law.
There is no light/heat/energy/radiation travel in space. There is no gravity wave, there is no black hole.
Every atom is a seed of life. Life is electricity within matters.
The mystery is atom itself, the parts and their Coulomb’s Force.
God created atoms and fall asleep forever.
The amount of charge of the ball, inner shell, outer shell and floating fluid, govern the properties of the atom.
Oxygen atom has the highest ball to inner shell charge ratio. Able to carry more kinetic energy than other atoms. Water has the highest heat capacity.
When two oxygen atoms merged by photosynthesis the kinetic energy locked within atoms becomes potential energy.
Hydrogen atom and carbon atoms are easily merge with oxygen pairs to release the stored energy to produce heat.
Energy is not stored in hydrogen and carbon atoms. Oxygen pairs is the energy source of all life forms.
Keep breathing.
C + O2 = CO2 + energy
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O + energy
Oscillating electricity/sunlight + H2O + CO2. Produces O2 and sugars.
Keep thinking.
What is energy? Where is energy? How energy is stored in atoms? How energy is released from atoms?
Sunlight is within earth surface and atmosphere moving westward forever.
No oscillating electricity/energy/light/radiation exist in vacuum space at all.
The universe is self-existed. Keep changing evolving rolling forever.
We are the passenger.
I like that you can see the angular momentum of the wave funcion! It helped me understand why more non- “circular” wavefunctions have a higher angular momentum. However, I think this model might be best used on people who already know some elementary quantum physics and are aware of things like the Schrödinger equation. Before I took my first quantum class, I had been aware of the model that depicted the electron’s position as a “cloud” or a mist of possible locations, and after learning the real physics behind it, I feel like that initial beginner’s model was both understandable and didn’t lead me astray. I can see how it would be difficult to depict the motion, however.
Very cool way to animate electron structure(s) and behavior. I would like to see a tutorial on the motion graphic used to create this.
Incredible. I kind of imagined it like this when I saw those bad drawings but this makes me much more confident in my imagination! Thank you. Can you make some of atoms that have bonded in different ways???
Awesome! Excellent representations! Too bad I’m now a retired MS chemistry teacher. This video would have helped tremendously. I knew how they looked in my mind, I just couldn’t convey it in a meaningful way. Again, thanks!
this is beautiful! Thank you
@Akhin they say atoms are never in one place at any given time; there is zero evidence for this. But they act like it has been proven.
so the orbits are flat lol
are you from china?
@Emerther the atom is always in one place, if the atom is excited (atoms are always excited) it changes into ions and reacts with any of the neighboring ions as long as it can forming a stable compound and this compound doesn't move on it's own unless there is a reason like a decomposition or magnetic waves
@Emerther no they are but we dont know what that place is until we measure it and when we find out where the place is we cant find out its velocity. We cant calculate both at the same time and these diagramd just show all the locations and electron could be at while its moving around the nucleus. Quantum science literally proves thia concept and there were experimente done with light showing how we can look at an independent photon individually which causes light to become differently.
THANKS for rendering these! Is there some sort of web page that has an image or a few images of each atom or most of the items on the periodic table? Or perhaps even a 3D file? I would love to see more you even be great to see this laid out on a table.
No words to describe how cool this is! Hi Henry, can you do a video/model of excited state valence transitions of a rare earth like Erbium? Say for instance when it emits a 1540nm photon (4I13/2 to 4I15/2)? Now THAT would be mind-blowing! Thank you!
Thank you so much for this video and for your hard-work. I have two questions regarding this video, it would be great if you can answer (since there so many comments, so I presume the probability is very less).
1) In your animations (specifically for n=3, l=1 orbital), does the electrons (dots) flows between the two lobes, thus passing the nodal plane?
2) Like the cartoon which you drew for p orbitals, what would the cartoon look like for d orbital (more specifically how can we differentiate between for m=2 and m=1?
Awesome job man!. It would be absolutely insane if you did a representation for every atom on the periodic table, but I understand that would take you many months and would be a very long video.
Its absolutely fascinating to me how these formulas so beautifully give rise to a clear visualization of each orbital!
This video and quantum concepts in general keep pushing me to accept that, at very small scales vision is not a sense that can help us. Its very hard for animals that are sight oriented to grasp that. Even our language has visualization built into it. We speak of electron clouds and quantum foam. But that being said, the example of wave/particle duality is the most clear visual I've seen on the topic.
Hi, i really enjoyed watching the video with all the colours and animation. However I have a mental image of an atom from what I have studied in school physics. (So not a physics major or anything like that) Are all atoms spherical in shape? Can you please post a simplified hydrogen 3D image (if possible)? Colour will be great. Thank you!
@Mintuephysics can you make one of these 3d models for covalently bonded atoms? I think this would be super interesting to visualize this way. Upvote if you want to see this happen.
There are many teachers who would appreciate a curated video showing an extended view of each of the models.
I, for one, would like a curated video showing an extended view of each to stare at and ponder what I'm seeing.
And students thank you.
Very much so, with some labels and different atoms
But teachers have curriculum to follow, unfortunately 🤷♂
It reminds me of the mold in this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJpn0wkihWk&.uepr
I LOVE this! Reminds me a little bit of the "sand on a vibrating plate at variable frequencies". Really cool!
I wonder: in 50 years will I even understand the things shown on youtube or will I just watch cat-videos?
I'm happy to live in a time where so much is discovered and cut down to an understandable animation.
Thank you❤
Thank to you for your great work. Of course it’s impossible to imagine and seeing really an atom, but your pictures helps…
Awesome work!
Silly question, what would the different types of bonds manifest as?
huh, never heard of this "Google" thing before. I'll go check it out, sure does look interesting.
@Vaukest lmao you can take the time to spread misinformation, but you can't take the time to read a few paragraphs when someone calls you out. You know nothing about the internet, stop trying to act like you do.
That being said, any service like duck duck go that says it doesn't track you, definitely tracks you more. I mean it is owned by bing after all.
Soft bricks cannot make hard buildings. Only hard atoms can make hard matters. Fact or not?
Charged particles are impossible to exist. Same charges repel each other, opposite charges attract each other. Therefore all charged particles will attracted together to form a big mass.
Textbooks atomic structure is incorrect at all. 1 electron and 1 proton must attracted together under Coulomb's force. It is impossible to make the electron circling or waving or clouding around the proton to form a stable hydrogen atom. There is no known mechanism. No scientists can make a working model of a simplest atom is a fact.
Soft bricks cannot make hard buildings. Only hard atoms can make hard matters. Fact or not?
@Science Revolution "Charged particles are impossible to exist." Explain how you're typing this right now then?
That theory is all wrong. Atoms must be solid building blocks to be able to form into solid matters.
Atoms and the universe
Every atom is a perpetual machine, build.by indestructible electrically charged material. For example, a ball sealed inside of a double shell. The ball and inner shell are positively charged and the outer shell is negatively charged. The net charge is zero, the total charge is 2. Suppose it is hydrogen atom in reality.
Is it a perpetual machine? Yes
What can it do?
It attracts another atom at infinite distance. The net Coulomb ‘s Force between their charged atom part is always attraction force which proportional to the product of the mass/total charges and inversely proportional to distance square.
This is the mechanism of gravity.
The surfaces of the two atoms are repelling each other with Coulomb ‘s Force therefore sharing oscillating electricity. This is the mechanism of radiation, light, EM waves.
now if there is a negatively charged fluid/water in existing, it will float above atoms’ outer shell and oscillating at nature frequency.
Metal atoms have this fluid locked on their surfaces therefore conductive.
There is no electrons passing through copper wire. Current is the fluid moving on the surface of copper atoms.
Use this atomic structure model to explain all nature phenomena?
The more atoms/mass gathered together by gravity, the higher energy density and atoms oscillating at higher voltage. Bigger star is hotter. Heat can only flow one direction. The mechanism of second thermal dynamic
law.
There is no light/heat/energy/radiation travel in space. There is no gravity wave, there is no black hole.
Every atom is a seed of life. Life is electricity within matters.
The mystery is atom itself, the parts and their Coulomb’s Force.
God created atoms and fall asleep forever.
The amount of charge of the ball, inner shell, outer shell and floating fluid, govern the properties of the atom.
Oxygen atom has the highest ball to inner shell charge ratio. Able to carry more kinetic energy than other atoms. Water has the highest heat capacity.
When two oxygen atoms merged by photosynthesis the kinetic energy locked within atoms becomes potential energy.
Hydrogen atom and carbon atoms are easily merge with oxygen pairs to release the stored energy to produce heat.
Energy is not stored in hydrogen and carbon atoms. Oxygen pairs is the energy source of all life forms.
Keep breathing.
C + O2 = CO2 + energy
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O + energy
Oscillating electricity/sunlight + H2O + CO2. Produces O2 and sugars.
Keep thinking.
What is energy? Where is energy? How energy is stored in atoms? How energy is released from atoms?
Sunlight is within earth surface and atmosphere moving westward forever.
No oscillating electricity/energy/light/radiation exist in vacuum space at all.
The universe is self-existed. Keep changing evolving rolling forever.
We are the passenger.
This is so cooooool looking - it’s definitely expanded my view on how atoms are observed - and the fact that he could track the PROBABILITY of an electrons place?? How??? Does the pull of a nucleus vary??? And the varieties of waves in one atom - is that due to said variations?? My god I have so many questions!!
You helped me a lot as I am in 11th standard and i was literally struggling with atomic structure ,
Although I am not that clear since I still haven't studied many of the things yet ... but the shapes helped a lot
So thanks a lot for this work
These are quite lovely and close to my own mental visual though more colorful and animated.
I’d really like to see you give a relational size aspect as in “were this atom to be this actual size, a pinball would be X size …
Would love to see a whole periodic table of these
There is so much encoded in these visuals that I really wish for a hourphysics episode discussing them.
I watched millenniumphysics video on it and now my 2 children starved to death
I'm more lost. WE NEED MORE INFORMATION.
It reminds me of the mold in this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJpn0wkihWk&.avkf
Soft bricks cannot make hard buildings. Only hard atoms can make hard matters. Fact or not?
Charged particles are impossible to exist. Same charges repel each other, opposite charges attract each other. Therefore all charged particles will attracted together to form a big mass.
Textbooks atomic structure is incorrect at all. 1 electron and 1 proton must attracted together under Coulomb's force. It is impossible to make the electron circling or waving or clouding around the proton to form a stable hydrogen atom. There is no known mechanism. No scientists can make a working model of a simplest atom is a fact.
Soft bricks cannot make hard buildings. Only hard atoms can make hard matters. Fact or not?
Charles Leadbeater with Anie Besant did a good book on how the atoms look like to an intuit. Considering that sub-atomic particles are just symbollic representations of aether vortices and its different motion modalities (such as magnetic, electrostatic, gravitic, etc) then a cloud and torus are perfectly more applicable than dots and clumps.
It's amazing to see how complex these orbitals are. Then realize they represent a single electron's probabilities, and a large atom like uranium has 92 of them occupying the same space. And somehow they "know" how to follow the exclusion principle so none of them are in exactly the same state.
I like it! But what I am most interested in is the interstitial space between orbits. You pictured some electrons in those spaces, but as I understand it, the "jump" between orbits is instantaneous in a quantum way. So did you intend to do that? Otherwise, wouldn't the spaces have zero electrons in them at all "times" ?(as though time even means anything in an atom) :)
In fact an entire table where you could perhaps zoom into each element then twirl it around and select variables like cross-sections of various types that would be amazing
Now I want a dynamic animation in this style of how atoms form bonds. Not just the resulting orbits, but also the process of creating the bond.
It's possible nowadays to do "Ab-initio molecular dynamics" for small molecules at reasonable computational cost. What this involves is solving the electronic schrodinger equation over and over for consecutive snapshots of nuclear motion. Electrons are ~1000 times lighter than nuclei, so you can approximate the orbitals as changing smoothly and continuously as the nuclear trajectory progresses. This way you can effectively visualise orbitals forming bonding arrangements as nuclei approach (or breaking the bond as they move apart).
You need a quantum computer for that!
@Matt Murphy It's been too long for me to remember, and I never thoroughly understood the math, but I don't think a linear combination was sufficient for either. I did a project comparing RRPA and RPAE models of changes in ionization energies of deformed orbitals (of an atom trapped in a bucky ball), and had to treat the models as a black box, but sitting in on the meetings with more knowledgeable researchers it was clearly a challenging subject. Some in that group were working with Dr. Pranawa Deshmukh, who seemed to be one of few actively working on studying the timings of photon absorption and emission - which I think of as the base case for interacting with electron orbitals. His papers may provide more insight, you can find links at https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pranawa-Deshmukh/research
@Paul Paulson there’s videos online of gold molecules forming a metallic bond under an electron microscope. they basically “snap” into place at our timescale
this is the bonding process for gold and iron molecules under an electron microscope:
https://youtu.be/p9dn-Umr7VU
minutephysics - 2021-05-19
Thanks everyone - if anybody wants to help me get all of these visuals into one place (wikipedia, etc), please get in touch via patreon (or my email... it's not too hard to find)!
Payton Vogt - 2022-07-07
karen
Bailey Bailey - 2022-09-08
THANK YOU
Bailey Bailey - 2022-09-08
could you make an animation like this again but with the right amount of electrons instead of the 1000s of possible electron positions? im curious as to what it would actually look like
Dave Redacted - 2022-09-12
Holy god, some of the comments in this thread...
Muhammad Jalal - 2022-09-21
@evilotis01 Ayo yrah