Radar Basics - Table of Contents

Table of Content

Topic	Contents	Corresponding Terms
Historical Overview
Mathematically Basics	Learning Objectives
Preamble	used physical laws of nature
Radar Basic Principles	operating principle of a primary radar	Distance-Determination Direction-Determination Maximum Unambiguous Range Minimal Measuring Range Elevation Angle Height
The Radar Equation	The radar equation in the practice
Frequency-diversity Radar	Radar equation of a frequency diversity radar
Accuracy
Resolution	Range Resolution Angular Resolution Resolution Cell
Classification of Radar systems	...depending on the different techniques ...depending on the designed use	PSR vs. SSR Continuous- Wave Radar ATC Radar Fire-control radar Air-Defense Radars Mortar Locating Radar „Distronic” Radar Ground penetrating radar
Classification of Radar systems	Bistatic Radars	Bistatic Basic Principles Bistatic Radar Sets Determination of the aims position Passive Radar
Antennae Techniques	Functions of an Antenna Antenna Characteristics	Antenna Gain Antenna pattern Beam Width Aperture Major and Side (Minor) Lobes
Antennae Techniques	Especially Antenna Beams	Beams for command guided missiles The Conical Scan High- and Low-Beam Long Range- and Short Range Beam Pencil- Beam
Antennae Techniques	Yagi Antennae Logarithmic Periodical Antennae Parabolic Antennae Cosecant Squared Pattern Cassegrain Antennae	Isotropic Radiation Half-wave Antennae Reflector Irregularities
	Phased Array Antennae	Function Feeding Systems Phase Shifter
	Monopulse Antennae	LVA
Electronic antennae-switches	Duplexer	Branch- Duplexer Balanced Duplexer Duplexer using PIN-Diodes
Electronic antennae-switches	Diplexer
Radar Transmitters	Transmitter Requirements
	Pseudo-coherent Radar	Block diagram Modulator Thyratron Magnetron Disadvantages of a pseudo-coherent radars
	Fully-coherent Radar	Block diagram Crossed-Field Amplifier (Amplitron) Klystron Traveling Wave Tube solid-state Amplifier Transmittermodules for active antennae Waveform- Generator Pulse Compression
Radar Receiver Technology	Requirements for Radar receivers
	Superheterodyne Receiver	Invention of a Superheterodyne Block Diagram Image-Frequency Interferences Double Heterodyning
	Gain Control Methods	Sensitivity Time Control (STC) Automatic Gain Control (AGC) Logarithmic Amplifier Dynamic Swept Gain
	Noise in a receiver	Noise Noise Figure Noise Temperature
	Automatic Frequency Control
Radar Signal Processing	Clutter	Concept of Coherence
	Non-coherent Radar Processing	Cluttermap „Dicke Fix” -processing Fast Time Constant (FTC)
	Doppler frequency	Doppler- Effect Pulse-Pair Processing Phase Comparison Frequency Comparison Blind Speed Wind Compensation
	Radar Signal Processing	Radar Signal Processor/ Block Diagram I & Q -processing Detektor Plotextractor Plotprocessor Plot Combiner Sliding Window Data Transmission Centre of mass correlation Time Stamp Fast Fourier Transformation
Radar Indicators	Demands on Radar Indicators
	A-scope	Block Diagram
	B-scope
	PPI-scope	Block Diagram
	RHI-scope
	Raster-scan-scope
	Beta-scan-scope
Secondary Radar Technology	PSR vs. SSR
	Functional Block Diagram	ICAO- Standards Interrogation Format The Reply Message
	IFF- Side Lobe Suppression	Interrogation Path Side Lobe Suppression (ISLS) Reply Path Side Lobe Suppression (RSLS) Improved ISLS (IISLS)
	SSR system problems: Interferences	Fruit / Defuiter Garbling / Degarbling The transponder no reply Reflections
Weather Radar	Basic Principle of Operation	PSR vs. Weather Radar Weather Radar Range Equation
	Weather Radar Applications	Ground based Weather Radar Short Range Weather Radar Long Range Weather Radar PSR with Weather Channel Airborne Weather Radar
	Weather Radar Components	Antenna/ Receiver Processing Equipment Display in the cockpit Stabilisation (tilt and roll)
	Types of Weather	Comparative Reflectivity „Bright Band”
	Dual Polarisation Radar	Block Diagram